Politics, Populists, and Progressives James A. Henretta Eric Hinderaker Rebecca Edwards Robert O. Self America’s History Eighth Edition America: A Concise History Sixth Edition CHAPTER 20 Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives 1880–1917 Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

I. Reform Visions, 1880–1892 A. Electoral Politics After Reconstruction 1. Close Elections 2. New Initiatives

I. Reform Visions, 1880–1892 A. Electoral Politics After Reconstruction (cont.) 3. Republican Activism

I. Reform Visions, 1880–1892 B. The Populist Program 1. Origins and agenda 2. Supporters 6

II. The Political Earthquakes of the 1890s A. Depression and Reaction 1. Economic Crises of the 1890s 2. Coxey’s Army

II. The Political Earthquakes of the 1890s B. Democrats and the “Solid South” 1. The People’s Party in the South 2. Disfranchisement 9

II. The Political Earthquakes of the 1890s C. New National Realities 1. William Jennings Bryan 2. Marcus Hanna 3. New limits

III. Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912 A. Theodore Roosevelt as President 1. Antitrust Legislation 2. Environmental Conservation 3. Roosevelt’s Legacies

III. Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912 B. Diverse Progressive Goals 1. Protecting the Poor 2. The Birth of Modern Civil Rights 16

III. Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912 B. Diverse Progressive Goals (cont.) 3. The Problem of Labor

III. Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912 C. The Election of 1912 1. Roosevelt’s new nationalism 2. Eugene V. Debs and socialism 3. Woodrow Wilson

IV. Wilson and the New Freedom, 1913–1917 A. Economic Reforms 1. Democrats 2. Federal Reserve Act of 1913 21

IV. Wilson and the New Freedom, 1913–1917 A. Economic Reforms (cont.) 3. Trusts 4. Investigating Labor

IV. Wilson and the New Freedom, 1913–1917 B. Progressive Legacies 1. Limitations 2. Achievements