Transition Management Khum Raj Punjali, Senior Director of Studies Rajendra Adhikari, Director of Studies

Session Coverage Context of transition management Approaches and processes of transition management Role of public administration in transition management 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Session Objectives At the end of the sessions, the participants are expected to be able to: Analyze the context of transition management Discuss the approaches and processes of managing transition Identify role of public administration in transition management 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Understanding the ‘Transition’ What is transition? the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another. Synonyms: change, transformation, conversion, adaptation, adj ustment, alteration, changeover It describes the era of change we are all living in. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Political ‘Transition’ Political transition is an interval between one political regime and another; a movement from something into something else, the something being a political regime. Political transition is also process of political transformation. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Political ‘Transition’ It starts from a given political regime, usually an authoritarian one, which for many reasons becomes inadequate or unable to live up to its institutional tasks, and culminates in another constituting a break- through in the past political life of a country. The new regime may be instituted by enacting a new constitution enshrining its institutional design, or by introducing changes in the electoral laws and process of the country experiencing political transition. PINKNEY, R., Democracy in the Third World, Boulder, London, Lynne Rienner, 2003, p.162. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Transition Management Transition Management seeks to guide the gradual, continuous process of transformation of socio-political landscapes, socio-technical practices and “the structural character of society” from one equilibrium to another. Transition management seeks to steer the outcome of change, to lessen inherent uncertainty, produce desirable social outcomes and enhance resilience during the transformation of socio-technical systems. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Transition Management It is a scenario of making necessary plan for the interim period, Transition management requires a long and phased approach, 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Transition Management Transition management involves: coordinated efforts among political and administrative institutions, creating appropriate mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of the provisions of constitution, managing resources -human, financial, and physical, building confidence of people 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Transition Management Transition Management can be defined as the planning, coordination, implementation and reporting process required to successfully restructure a political context. The objective of this process is to minimize the costs and risks associated with the restructure and provide a smooth and orderly transformation. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Levels for TM Transition management must work within; Landscape, Regime and Niche Landscape (Macro) refers to the overall socio- technical setting that encompasses both the intangible aspects of social values, political beliefs and world views and the tangible facets of the built environment including institutions and the functions of the political systems 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Levels for TM Regime (Meso) refers to the dominant practices, rules and systems that provide stability and support to the prevailing socio-political systems. Niche (Micro) is the level or 'area' at which the space is provided for radical innovation and experimentation. This level is less subject to market and regulation influences and can facilitate the interactions between actors that support product innovation. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Major focus and goal of TM Major focus is to steer development in a more sustainable direction. The goal of TM to enable, facilitate and guide the social, technical and political transformations *. *Kemp, R; Loorbach, D (2003). "Governance for sustainability through transition management" (PDF). IHDP-conference. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Approaches of TM Big-Bang vs. Gradual: Actors’ approaches Top-down vs. Bottom-up: Orientation of the Activities 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Key Principles of Transition Management Wider participation by taking a multi-actor approach in order to encompass societal values and beliefs; Long-term perspective (between 1-3 generations) creating a basket of visions in which short-term objectives can be identified; Focused on learning at the niche level, experiments are used to identify how successful a particular pathway could be and uses the concept of "Learning by doing, doing by learning" A systems thinking approach which identifies that problems will span multiple domains, levels and actors 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Managing Transition in Nepal 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Context of Transition Management New constitution (03 Asoj 2072 BS), The provisions of new constitutions demand transition management, Example: Part 33 (Article 295-305) of the Constitution of Nepal Transition management plan drives full fledged functioning of federal system. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Components of Transition Management Analysis of the functions listed in the constitution, Some important political decisions, Institutional arrangements at all three levels of government, Fiscal transfer to the federal units, Administrative and physical infrastructure, Legal reforms/enactment of new laws needed for ensuring basic functionality of new institutional arrangements 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM initiations Functional analysis and proposal for institutional/structural arrangements, Amendment of acts/laws Coordination mechanism Capacity building Fiscal transfer Constitutional commissions 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM in Public Administration and role of bureaucracy Public Administration should work closely with political leaders and support the smooth functioning of TM Reframe Institutional Arrangements at the Center: Number of ministries, restructure of OPMCM and other ministries, decide the number of depts, setting up federalization units at center. Design Institutional Arrangements at state level: take decision about regional and zonal offices, preparation for state civil service cadres. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM in Public Administration and role of bureaucracy Design Institutional Arrangements at the Local level: prepare institutional profile, initiate to develop cadres. make necessary preparation based on the number of local level governments. Constitute mechanisms at center to look public administration affairs at all levels, 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM in Public Administration and role of bureaucracy Prepare procedures and mechanisms for functionality of these new Institutional Arrangements: draft necessary procedural rules. Allocate financial resources for new Institutions: initially budget is to be prepared by MoF for states and local too, work out on cost requirement and transfer mechanism through legal provision. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM in Public Administration and role of bureaucracy Plan to depute employees to state and local level as provisioned in article 302(2) of the constitution, Functional analysis of tasks across different level of governments Revision of existing laws, formulation of laws, rules, procedures, directives, norms, standards 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

TM in Public Administration and role of bureaucracy Development and establishment of political and administrative structures/institutions at different levels of government Resources management (human, financial, physical) and their allocation Improving quality of public service and level of performance. 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018

Thank You 31 BAT, 2073 KRP/RA-NASC 11/30/2018