Kingdom Fungi

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs Cell composition similar to animals No photosynthesis Release enzymes to absorb nutrients Cell composition similar to animals Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Evolved from fungus-like protista Classified by type of reproductive structure

Comparing Plants & Fungi Plants and fungi have different traits: Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Fungi absorb food through hyphae. Plants have chloroplasts and photosynthesize. Plants and fungi have similar traits: Both are nonmoving Grow underground and aboveground May produce spores Eukaryotes

Fungi Structure What grows underground? Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body Hyphae branch into a larger network underground called mycelium What grows above ground? Fruiting body: reproductive structure creates spores by meiosis

Bread Mold Fungi Decompose dead matter Ecological importance: Nitrogen fixation Can reproduce sexually or asexually Classified ability to create zygospore Protective spore surrounding the zygote Spores produced inside sporangia (sporangium) Spores released into air

Sac Fungi Truffles and Morels Yeast Single celled Fruiting body Resembles a sac Spores housed inside “asci” Truffle Morel Yeast

Club Fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi Fruiting body Club shaped Haploid spores produced by meiosis Spores housed inside “basidia” Mushrooms Puffballs Shelf fungi ground Club

Quick Review Name that reproductive structure! B C

Club Fungi Reproduction Here is a typical mushroom… lets flip it upside-down These haploid spores are created by meiosis and released into the wind… Notice the “gills” underneath. These folds contain millions of spores. Lets zoom in…

Haploid spore from fungus A will land… Haploid spore from fungus A will land…. Haploid spore from fungus B will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid mycelium fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium Fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the basidia Released haploid spores land on ground and cycle repeats . . . . . ground

Lichens Often pioneer species (grow on rock, soil, trees) Example of two organisms living in mutualism #1: Fungus, #2: Algae or cyanobacteria Mutualism: Both organisms benefit Fungus: obtains nutrients from the algae Algae/cynobacteria: grows among the hyphae of the fungus; gets water

Kingdom Fungi Zygote fungi Make zygospore Spores housed inside sporangia Club fungi Fruiting body looks like club Spores housed inside basidia Sac fungi Fruiting body looks like a sack Spores housed inside asci Lichen ½ fungus ½ algae or cyanobacteria Pioneer species

Review Name the three major types of fungi. Which characteristic is used to classify the various types of fungi? Which fungi produce asci? Which fungi produce basidia? Which fungi produce zygospores? What is the above ground structure of a fungus called? What objects are released from the fruiting body? Label the diagram.