Warm up – Friday 3/24 Words of the day: Totalitarian, provisional Define each of these words Totalitarian – centralized government, power is in one persons hands provisional – something that is going to be changed Provide a synonym or example of these words Totalitarian – one party, communist/dictator, provisional – temporary, interim, limited
Russian Revolution
Russian Government Before Revolution Imperial Dynasty - Tsar (or Czar) The Romanov’s 1721-1917 Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited. Russia had no constitution, no political party system to check the Tsar's power A strong secret police terrorized the people.
Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917) Last Czar of Russia Nicholas II was a harsh yet weak ruler The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Large working class feels unrepresented Karl Marx – “Communist Manifesto” Nicolas’ wife Alexandra influenced his decisions – Gregory Rasputin made royal advisor
Czar Nicholas II and Family
Rasputin
Rasputin with Admirers
Bloody Sunday (1905) A revolution breaks out in 1905 Large group of industrial workers march on the palace to list off demands Imperial army open fires on the workers
March Revolution (1917) 1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over. Czar is removed from power Provisional government (Duma) unpopular after decision to stay in WWI
October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917 Lead by VIadimir Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread” Won support of people (especially peasants) Intend to sign separate peace with Germany to get out of WWI Bolshevik and Royal Menshevik army fight civil war Bolsheviks win
Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 Economic Reforms -moderate mix of capitalism and socialism Political Reforms -Forms Communist party -Gov’t will control businesses and payment -Russia becomes U.S.S.R. (United Soviet Socialist Republics)
1924 Lenin Dies Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Decides to create a totalitarian state
Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control of the Economy 5 year plan, collective farms Police Terror Great Purge, crush opposition Religious Persecution Control of the individual Propaganda (socialist realism) Molding peoples minds Education Controlled by the government