September 30th In your notebook write down the term and definitions: dynasty: when the right to rule is passed down through a family line ex. The British Royal Family

Ancient to Imperial China Prehistoric Time: 1.7 million years ago - Stone Age began living in maternal clans Ancient China: 2000 BCE to 221 BCE - dynastic rule, but little is known and much information is mythicize (fact and fiction are mixed) Imperial China: 221 BCE to 1911 CE - Defined by a centralized government and concrete recording of history Modern China: 1912 CE to Modern Day- Collapse of the dynastic model and empires of China and a Republic of China is Created. Thank you China for being fastidious (diligent and detailed) record keepers.

Timeline of Chinese Dynasties: Song Dynasty 16 Kingdoms Han Dynasty Northern Song Southern Song Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms Eastern Zhou Dynasty Xin Three Kingdoms Period Jin Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty Western Zhou Western Han Yuan Dynasty Qin Dynasty Eastern Han Western Jin Eastern Jin Spring & Autumn Period Warring States Period Sui Dynasty Western Xia Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty Wu Tang Dynasty Southern & Northern Dynasties Liao Three Kingdom Dynasties: Shu, Wu, Wei Southern & Norther Dynasties: Southern: Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Chen Norther: Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms: Five Dynasties: Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou 10 Kingdoms: Wu, Wuyue, Min, Chu, Southern Han, Former, Shu, Jingnan, Southern Tang, Northern Han 2000 BCE 1500 1000 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 CE Ancient China Imperial China Modern China *Why are there different regional dynasties (ex. the 2 Zhous, Hans, Songs, Jins) Dynasty had to move it’s capital and/or restore itself from a usurper The W. Xia & 3rd Jin Dynasty has no relations with previous *Why are there overlapping dynasties? usurpers  Xin & Wu Dynasties Ruling different region of China

John Green’s Crash Course in History: China Write down these questions in your notebook: What is the “Mandate of Heaven”? How did the Mandate of Heaven help us understand the constant overturn of dynasties in Imperial China? What are the principles (main ideas or most important ideas) of Confucianism?

John Green – 2,000 Years of History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4

What is the “Mandate of Heaven”? T’ian = Mandate of heaven Favor of the gods given to rulers that behaved properly.

How did the Mandate of Heaven help us understand the constant overturn of dynasties in Imperial China? Over 3,000 years of dynastic overturned is explained by early historians as divine intervention (the gods are getting involved) Emperors were behaving badly so the gods took their power away and allowed another dynasty to take their place.

What are the principles (main ideas or most important ideas) of Confucianism? The key to creating a strong and peaceful state was to look to past rulers and follow their example of upright, moral behavior. KNOW YOUR PLACE in the hierarchy! Know who is above you and act in a honorable way. 5 key relationships: ruler to subject father to son husband to wife elder to younger friend to friend Study of past leaders and history as well as art were very important

The Rise of Qin 5th century BCE- Zhou dynasty  no effective control Fighting among city-states over control  Waring states period = 7 major states trying to conquer each other Qin (one of the waring states) advantages: control of 2 most fertile region Centuries of fighting northern nomadic tribes  strong killed army Ministers made political reforms more stability  Farmers migrate to region  stimulate economy (wealth increases) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China#/media/File:Territories_of_Dynasties_in_China.gif

19th–century illustration of Qin Shi Huang The First Emperor Zhao Zheng = the 1st Emperor of China (Qin Shi Huang) became king of Qin in 246 BCE (age 27) military campaigns to conquer the other remaining states After two hundred years of war, Zhao Zheng conquered all the states in twenty-five years  All of the states of ancient China were unified under the control of a central government = Qin dynasty 19th–century illustration of Qin Shi Huang

Legalism Reforms Qin ministers had created to strengthen and stabilize the state were modeled on the new political philosophy of Legalism. Once Qin Shi Huang’s (Zhao Zheng) armies had conquered the other states, he applied Legalist policies to the rest of the empire. One of the most important Legalist philosophers was Han Fei. In your groups read and discuss this quote written by Han Fei and answer the question: According to this quote, what seem to be the main principles (rules or ideas) of Legalism? “Punishment should not be other than severe and definite, thus making the people fear them; and laws should not be other than uniform and steadfast, thus making the people comprehend them. . . . the enlightened [ruler] uses his men's strength but does not listen to their words, rewards them for their meritorious services but always eliminates the useless.” – Han Fei (280-233 BCE) The reforms Qin ministers had enacted to strengthen and stabilize the state were modeled on the new political philosophy of Legalism. Once Qin Shi Huang’s armies had conquered the other states, he applied Legalist policies to the rest of the empire. One of the most important Legalist philosophers was Han Fei. Read this quote from Han Fei describing Legalism. According to this quote, what seem to be the main principles of Legalism? Students should note that Legalism emphasized clearly stated laws, strict adherence to those laws, and harsh punishments for anyone that disobeyed.

Legalism: Emphasized stated/written laws “Punishment should not be other than severe and definite, thus making the people fear them; and laws should not be other than uniform and steadfast, thus making the people comprehend them. . . . the enlightened [ruler] uses his men's strength but does not listen to their words, rewards them for their meritorious services but always eliminates the useless.” – Han Fei (280-233 BCE) Emphasized stated/written laws Strict adherence to those laws Harsh punishment to anyone that disobeyed. The reforms Qin ministers had enacted to strengthen and stabilize the state were modeled on the new political philosophy of Legalism. Once Qin Shi Huang’s armies had conquered the other states, he applied Legalist policies to the rest of the empire. One of the most important Legalist philosophers was Han Fei. Read this quote from Han Fei describing Legalism. According to this quote, what seem to be the main principles of Legalism? Students should note that Legalism emphasized clearly stated laws, strict adherence to those laws, and harsh punishments for anyone that disobeyed.

Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang unified the empire: The Great Wall of China between Inner Mongolia and Shanxi province in 2006 Portion of the Great Wall first built under Qin and rebuilt during the Ming dynasty more than a thousand years later Qin Shi Huang unified the empire: standardize units of measurements Currency (money) The length of cart axles (to improve transport on roads) Chinese script massive construction projects: road systems Canals unification of various northern states’ walls  became Great Wall of China Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Qin model of central government influenced governments in China for centuries, and it’s believed that the Western name for China comes from the name Qin. A 209 BCE bronze plaque with official order from the Qin dynasty Seal Script- official script of the dynasty

Fall of Qin Despite these achievements, the Qin dynasty lasted only fifteen years, just three years after the death of Qin Shi Huang in 210 BCE. Pictured here are some of the estimated 8,000 terracotta soldiers that guard the tomb of the First Emperor. Terracotta Army in the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor, built 246-209 BCE

Central Historical Question What caused the fall of the Qin dynasty?