Unit 1I Enlightenment: Scientific Revolution EQ: How did The Scientific Revolution Change the way we think about the world and People

Scientific Revolution: Vocabulary Theory: explanation for how or why things happen Geocentric: Theory that the solar system revolves around the earth Scientific Revolution: Period from 1500s-1700s in which science changed people’s traditional beliefs Ellipses: Oval shaped orbits of the planets Gravity: The attraction that mass (planets) have on an object near its surface Elements: Basic materials that cannot be broken down into simpler parts Rationalism: The belief that reason and experience must be present for the solution of problems Reason: the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgements (using logic) Scientific Method: steps for an orderly search of knowledge Observe, Hypothesize, Predict, Test, Modify Generation: group of individuals born and living at the same time

Ptolemy

Ancient Greek Scientist Geocentric Theory: Earth centered universe

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish Astronomer Heliocentric Theory = Sun Centered Universe Faced Excommunication

Johannes Kepler

Planets Travel in ellipses not circles as originally thought

Galileo Galilei

Conducted experiments to achieve new knowledge Objects fall at same speed (Gravity) Designed own telescope to support Copernicus’ theory Discovered mountains on the moon Charged with Heresy by the Church

Isaac Newton

English mathematician Law of gravitation – gravity holds the solar system together Influenced enlightenment political thinkers to use evidence, reason, logic, and questioning to order government

Andreas Vesalius

Flemish doctor who dissected dead human bodies Discoveries directly challenged Galen’s ideas about the human body

Robert Hooke

Created the microscope and discovered cells (plant)

Anotonie van Leeuwenhoek

Improved the microscope (Hooke) Discovered bacteria in the process

Robert Boyle

Discovered elements, material that can’t be broken down into simpler parts Leads to the periodic table of the elements

Rene Descartes

Mathematics is the source of truth “I think, therefore I am” Rationalism – Reason is the main source of knowledge

Blaise Pascal

At 19 invented a calculating machine Believed solutions to moral problems and spiritual truth comes from church, Believed reason and science could solve many practical problems.

Francis Bacon

Invented Scientific Method One of Venable’s staple food groups