Advanced Placement Psychology Review Ms. Simon

Lesson Plan Do Now Review Sensation and Perception States of Consciousness and Learning Work together to complete review problems

Do Now: 1) Deafness can result from damage to the inner ear or damage to what area of the brain? A. Connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex of the frontal lobe. B. Connections between the auditory nerve and auditory cortex in the temporal lobe C. Connections between the areas of the sensory cortex that receive messages from the ears and the auditory nerves D. Connections between the hypothalamus and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe Connections between the left and right sensory areas of the cerebellum 2) Which chemicals pass across the synaptic gap and increase the possibility that the next neuron in the chain will fire? A) synaptic peptides B) inhibitory neurotransmitters C) adrenaline-type exciters D) excitatory neurotransmitters E) potassium and sodium

3) You eat some bad sushi and feel that you are losing control over your muscles. The bacteria you ingested from the bad sushi most likely interferes with the use of: A) serotonin B) insulin C) acetylcholine D) thorazine E) Adrenaline 4) The blind spot in our eye results from A) the lack of receptors at the spot where the optic nerve connects to the retina B) the shadow the pupil makes on the retina C) competing processing between the visual cortices in the left and right hemispheres D) retinal damage from bright light E) floating debris in the space between the retina and the lens

AIM: How can we review Sensation, Consciousness and Learning? The study of consciousness: We process stimuli without being actively aware Can you think of any examples of this? -Mere exposure effect -Priming -Blind

Sensation and Perception Key Concepts Transduction-converting physical stimuli into neural signals

Trichromatic theory- three types of cones (blue, red, and green) Opponent-processing theory: sensory receptors in pairs (red/green, yellow/blue)

Hearing Gate-Control Theory Place theory versus frequency theory Gate-control theory- explains why some pain messages have a higher priority than others Gate-Control Theory Place theory- hair cells in the cochlea respond to different frequencies of sound based on where they are located Frequency- hair cells fire at different rates in the cochlea- this leads to different peerceptions of sound

Thresholds Just noticeable difference Absolute threshold Weber’s Law Signal Detection Theory (False negative, false positive)

Top-down and Bottom-up Processing Top Down: relies on perceptual set I hpoe yuo gte a fvie on teh Avadnced Palecnemt Eaxm. Bottom-up feature analysis * How do TOP down and bottom up processing differ? Bottom-up= features of the object

Gestalt Rules Shape and size constancy

Depth Cues

We actively process stimuli without conscious awareness Mere exposure effect Priming Blind sight

Levels of Consiousness Conscious Nonconscious Preconscious Subconscious Unconscious Conscious awareness Nonconscious= bodily processesing environment Subconscious- not consciously aware of , but maybe processed Unconscious- represed into the uncosncious mind Preconscious info- remember a memory of a favorite toy for example

Sleep Cycle Stage 1= Theta Waves Stage 2= Sleep spindles Stage 3+4= Delta (deep) sleep Sleep- main points:

REM Rapid eye movement sleep Paradoxical sleep- brain waves are active, body is rigid Deep sleep, REM rebound, more and longer periods of REM Babies spend more time in REM sleep, as we age our REM time decreases

Sleep Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep Apnea Night terrors http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN1_yS6_5T4

Theories of Dreaming Freudian Activation-synthesis Information-processing theory

Drugs

Learning