Characteristics of Life Friday, November 30, 2018 Characteristics of Life Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Characteristics of Life Friday, November 30, 2018 Characteristics of Life There is no one definition of life that is accepted by scientists. However, life is defined by the properties and functions characteristic of living things Life Functions {Properties of Life} are the various activities carried on by living things. Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Properties of Life Order Reproduction Growth and Development Friday, November 30, 2018 Properties of Life Order Reproduction Growth and Development Nutrition Energy Utilization Respiration Response to Stimuli Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Friday, November 30, 2018 Order All other characteristics of life emerge from an organism’s complex organization Made up of cells A single cell can be an organism Bacteria Unicellular Most organisms are multicellular Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Energy Utilization Energy is used to grow, develop and reproduce Friday, November 30, 2018 Energy Utilization Energy is used to grow, develop and reproduce Anabolism Process in a living thing that involves putting things together, or synthesizing complex substances from simpler substances Photosynthesis Photo = Light Synthesis = put together Metabolism Catabolism Large to Small Break apart Anabolism Small to Large Put together Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Energy Utilization #2 Catabolism Metabolism Friday, November 30, 2018 Energy Utilization #2 Catabolism Changing complex substances into simpler ones Results in a release of energy Can animals perform photosynthesis? Metabolism The total sum of all chemical reactions in the body The balance of anabolism and catabolism Metabolism Catabolism Large to Small Break apart Anabolism Small to Large Put together Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Growth and Development Friday, November 30, 2018 Growth and Development Growth involves the increase in cell number and cell size What growth spurt are you going through right now? When does an organism stop growing/developing? What tells our body that it is time for a cell to die? How often do humans replace every cell in their body? Growth-->Aging-->Death How can you tell when a tree has died? Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Friday, November 30, 2018 Reproduction The sexual or asexual process by which organisms generate new individuals of the same kind. Cellular Asexual The Cell Cycle Mitosis Sexual Meiosis Organism Budding Sexual Reproduction Sex 2 Cells combining to produce the first cell of a new organism Single organism that can reproduce without the aid of another Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Organism Sexual Reproduction* Plants Friday, November 30, 2018 Organism Sexual Reproduction* Plants Dicotyledon A type of flowering plant that contains both sperm and eggs In order for these plants to reproduce, fertilization, via pollination, must occur. There are two types of pollination Self-pollination Cross-pollination Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Organism Sexual Reproduction *Plants Fertilization Self Pollination Transfer of pollen (sperm) from an anther to a stigma of the same flower. Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012

Sexual Reproduction Plants Fertilization Cross Pollination The transfer of pollen from an anther of the flower of one plant to a stigma of the flower of another plant. Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012

Response to Stimuli/Environment Friday, November 30, 2018 Response to Stimuli/Environment Involves behaviors, metabolism and growth What are some environmental pressures that you, as a human, respond to? Odors Light Sound Temperature Light, temperature, odor, sound, gravity, heat, water and pressure Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Response to Stimuli/Environment II Friday, November 30, 2018 Response to Stimuli/Environment II Homeostasis Process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways that keep their body suitable for life Refers to an organism’s ability to maintain a constant or stable condition Regulation mechanism to maintain an organisms internal environment Provides capacity to evolve--”micro-evolution” How does the human body respond in a hot environment? What household appliance provides a great example of homeostasis? Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Review Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012

Review Properties of Life Order Energy Utilization Anabolism Catabolism Growth & Development Reproduction Organism Sexual Asexual Cellular Response to Stimuli Friday, November 30, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2012