Adjectives

What is an adjective? An adjective is a word or phrase that modifies or describes a noun Adjectives in Latin must match the noun they describe in case, number, and gender

1st and 2nd declension adjectives 1st/2nd declension adjectives have three different forms: magnus, magna, magnum Magnus vir Magna femina Magnum bellum

1st declension adjective+noun Singular Plural Nominative Magna puella Magnae puellae Genitive Magnarum puellarum Dative Magnis puellis Accusative Magnam puellam Magnas puellas Ablative Magnā puellā Vocative

Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum WORD DEFINITION DERIVATIVE Amicus, amica, amicum Ferus, fera, ferum Inimicus, -a, -um Magnus, -a, -um Malus, -a, -um Miser, misera, miserum Multus, -a, -um Pauci, paucae, pauca Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum Fuga, -ae (f.) Periculum, -i (n.) Aedifico, -are, -avi, -atus sed friendly Wild, savage Unfriendly, hostile Great, large Bad, evil, wicked Unhappy, poor Much (sing.); many few Beautiful Flight, escape Danger To build but

Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum WORD DEFINITION DERIVATIVE Amicus, amica, amicum Ferus, fera, ferum Inimicus, -a, -um Magnus, -a, -um Malus, -a, -um Miser, misera, miserum Multus, -a, -um Pauci, paucae, pauca Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum Fuga, -ae (f.) Periculum, -i (n.) Aedifico, -are, -avi, -atus sed friendly Wild, savage Unfriendly, hostile Great, large Bad, evil, wicked Unhappy, poor Much (sing.); many few Beautiful Flight, escape Danger To build but

Use the adjective “pulcher” to describe the following nouns, then translate the phrase: 1.Patriam 2. agris 3. poetae 4. feminarum 5. puellae 6. pueri 7. legate 8. auxilium 9. agricolas 10. bella ID the case/number of the following feminine adjectives. Then, change the adjectives to masculine and neuter adjectives, keeping the same case/number (all possibilities): 1. Malae 2. pulchras 3. inimicarum 4. misera 5. paucis 6. magnam 7. multā Decline (full chart): 1. The unfriendly war 2. the great escape 3. The wild farmer

Uses of Adjectives Attributive adjectives provide extra detail about the noun it modifies- the sentence would still make sense without the adjective Agricola miser ambulat in magnam villam. The unhappy farmer walks into the big farmhouse.

Uses of Adjectives Predicative adjectives (usually with some form of sum) make a statement about the noun- without the adjective, the sentence wouldn’t make sense Agricola est miser. The farmer is unhappy.

Uses of adjectives Substantive adjectives have no noun to modify, but is standing in place of a noun. It is translated according to its gender and number Sometimes in English: “Only the good die young” Malus: an evil man Mala: an evil woman Malum: an evil thing

1. Poetae sunt (miser). 2. Cum puellā (pulcher) ambulat. 3 1. Poetae sunt (miser). 2. Cum puellā (pulcher) ambulat. 3. Dea feminas spectat sed (malus) non amat. 4. (Multus) in Africā fere habitant. 5. E (magnus) oppido ambulat. 6. (Multus) amicae auxilium portant. 7. Pericula (pauci) sunt. 8. (Miser) agricolae villa non (magnus) est.

The hostile sailors are wickedly seizing the poor farmer’s farmhouse. Where do you live with your friendly family? The messenger’s beautiful daughter greatly loves the friend of the great envoy. The wretched boy is walking unhappily out of the large town into the wild woods. Many people live in farmhouses in the town, but few people savagely live in the woods.

An adjective is _______________. An adverb is _______________. If a noun is feminine, the adjective describing it must use ______ endings, like magn_ femina If a noun is masculine, the adjective describing it must use _____ endings, like magn__ nuntius or magn__ nauta If a noun is neuter, the adjective describing it must use _____ endings, like magn__ bellum An _________ adjective adds extra detail to a sentence, but without the adjective would still make sense A ________ adjective makes a statement about a noun; usually seen with ____ or _____ A ________ adjective stands alone, without a specific noun to describe, like the old song “Only the ____ die young” To create an adverb, add ___ to the ___, like fer_

Ferus pulchra miser Amicus fuga malus Magnus inimicus periculum Multus pauci aedifico