Aquatics Final Exam Review

Aquatics Question #1

Question #1 What is the name of the river that brings the most freshwater into the Chesapeake Bay?

Answer #1 Susquehanna River

Aquatics Question #2

Question #2 The Chesapeake Bay is an _________ because it is semi-enclosed and contains both fresh and salt water.

Answer #2 Estuary

Aquatics Question #3

Question #3 What is the fish (that we learned about) that filters phytoplankton from the Bay?

Answer #3 menhaden

Aquatics Question #4

Question #4 Is the Chesapeake Bay old or young? Is the bay shallow or deep? (Its easier to answer this question by comparing the bay to the Atlantic ocean)

Shallow (only 21 feet deep on average) and Young Answer #4 Shallow (only 21 feet deep on average) and Young

Aquatics Question #5

What organization is responsible for setting water quality standards? Question #5 What organization is responsible for setting water quality standards?

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Answer #5 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Aquatics Question #6

Question #6 What piece of legislation sets drinking water standards and regulations to protect public health?

Safe Drinking Water Act Answer #6 Safe Drinking Water Act

Aquatics Question #7

Name the states in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Question #7 Name the states in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.

Maryland Pennsylvania Delaware New York Virginia West Virginia Answer #7 Maryland Pennsylvania Delaware New York Virginia West Virginia

Aquatics Question #8

Question #8 What does SAV stand for?

Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Answer #8 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

Aquatics Question #9

Name 3 things that filter the water in the Bay. Question #9 Name 3 things that filter the water in the Bay.

Clams, Oysters, Mussels, Grasses, Wetlands, Menhaden Answer #9 Clams, Oysters, Mussels, Grasses, Wetlands, Menhaden

Aquatics Question #10

Question #10 Is the water located at the surface of the bay MORE OR LESS salty than water found at the bottom of the Chesapeake Bay?

Answer #10 Less

Aquatics Question #11

Identify the word that refers to the cloudiness or clearness of water. Question #11 Identify the word that refers to the cloudiness or clearness of water.

Answer #11 Turbidity

Aquatics Question #12

Identify the word that means “decomposing plant material.” Question #12 Identify the word that means “decomposing plant material.”

Answer #12 Detritus

Aquatics Question #13

As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen _____________. Question #13 As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen _____________.

Answer #13 decreases

Aquatics Question #14

Question #14 Identify the 2 major nutrients that enter the Bay, and these are the pollutants that remain after the sewage treatment process as well.

Nitrogen and Phosphorous Answer #14 Nitrogen and Phosphorous

Aquatics Question #15

Question #15 What 2 things cause tides? Which one of these things has a greater effect on tides? Why?

Sun and Moon – Moon has a greater effect because its closer to Earth Answer #15 Sun and Moon – Moon has a greater effect because its closer to Earth

Aquatics Question #16

What word means “lives in fresh water, but spawns in saltwater”? Question #16 What word means “lives in fresh water, but spawns in saltwater”?

Answer #16 Catadromous

Aquatics Question #17

Name a Catadromous species of the Chesapeake Bay. Question #17 Name a Catadromous species of the Chesapeake Bay.

Answer #17 Only one – American Eel

Aquatics Question #18

Marylands state fish, the Rockfish, is also called ____________. Question #18 Marylands state fish, the Rockfish, is also called ____________.

Answer #18 Striped Bass

Aquatics Question #19

Question #19 What do horseshoe crabs, blue crabs, and oysters all have in common, besides being Chesapeake Bay organisms.

Answer #19 ALL are benthic organisms – they live on the bottom of the Bay (and all invertebrates)

Aquatics Question #20

Question #20 Identify the river in the Chesapeake Bay watershed that divides Maryland and Virginia.

Answer #20 Potomac River

Aquatics Question #21

Identify 3 reasons why plants are declining in the Chesapeake Bay. Question #21 Identify 3 reasons why plants are declining in the Chesapeake Bay.

Answer #21 Too many nutrients Too many sediments Invasive species Boat propellers Something is different in the water (different nutrients) Too many organisms eating them Storms (hurricanes)- changes salinity

Aquatics Question #22

Where is the freshest water found in the Chesapeake Bay? BE SPECIFIC Question #22 Where is the freshest water found in the Chesapeake Bay? BE SPECIFIC

Surface of Bay at the top (near the Susquehanna River) Answer #22 Surface of Bay at the top (near the Susquehanna River)

Aquatics Question #23

In the sewage treatment process, how is the organic matter decreased? Question #23 In the sewage treatment process, how is the organic matter decreased?

Answer #23 Bacteria are introduced to “eat” the organic matter (food waste, feces, etc.)

Aquatics Question #24

Question #24 What step in water purification allows small particles to stick together and settle to the bottom?

Answer #24 Coagulation

Aquatics Question #25

What word means “lives in saltwater, but spawns in freshwater”? Question #25 What word means “lives in saltwater, but spawns in freshwater”?

Answer #25 Anadromous

Aquatics Question #26

Question #26 Which of the following fish species are anadromous species in the Bay: Menhaden, Rockfish, Rainbow Trout?

Answer #26 Rockfish

Aquatics Question #27

Identify 3 functions of an oyster or oyster reef. Question #27 Identify 3 functions of an oyster or oyster reef.

Food source Habitat Hiding spot Filters water Answer #27 Food source Habitat Hiding spot Filters water

Aquatics Question #28

Where is the saltiest water found? Question #28 Where is the saltiest water found?

Bottom of the bay at the mouth, which is near the Atlantic ocean Answer #28 Bottom of the bay at the mouth, which is near the Atlantic ocean

Aquatics Question #29

Why isn't water at the surface saltier than water at the bottom? Question #29 Why isn't water at the surface saltier than water at the bottom?

Answer #29 Salt water is heavier/denser than freshwater…so its saltier at the bottom, not the surface

Aquatics Question #30

What is the difference between point and nonpoint pollution? Question #30 What is the difference between point and nonpoint pollution?

Answer #30 Point = direct source can be identified and pollution can be traced back to the source Nonpoint = direct source cannot be identified and pollution cannot be traced back to the source (ie runoff)

Aquatics Question #31

What is thermal pollution? Question #31 What is thermal pollution?

Answer #31 Pollution that is simply heated water… causes oxygen to be released and aquatic life dies

Aquatics Question #32

This structure connects the Chesapeake and Delaware bays Question #32 This structure connects the Chesapeake and Delaware bays

Answer #32 C & D canal

Aquatics Question #33

This word means: safe for drinking Question #33 This word means: safe for drinking

Answer #33 Potable

Aquatics Question #34

Question #34 Towson residents obtain their drinking water from this river and this reservoir

Gunpowder river Loch Raven reservoir Answer #34 Gunpowder river Loch Raven reservoir

Aquatics Question #35

Question #35 The Chesapeake was ”born” ________ years ago with the melting of glaciers from the ice ages

Answer #35 12,000

Aquatics Question #36

Question #36 The name of the first settlement along the James river is_______ and the first well-known explorer of the Bay was ________

Answer #36 Jamestown John Smith

Aquatics Question #37

Question #37 If a smaple of water has high fecal coliform reading, then what might be in the water?

Feces… such as from farm runoff Answer #37 Feces… such as from farm runoff

Aquatics Question #38

Question #38 What type of fish eating bird dives below the water, having great eyesight to see both above and under water?

Answer #38 Cormorant

Aquatics Question #39

In which season does the Bay have the most DO? Explain your answer Question #39 In which season does the Bay have the most DO? Explain your answer

Winter - cold water holds more DO Answer #39 Winter - cold water holds more DO

Aquatics Question #40

Question #40 When it rains, water can go to two places, depending on the surface. If the surface of the land is permeable, water will _________________, but if the surface is impervious, water will __________.

Answer #40 Permeable/porous surface - water goes underground into the groundwater Non permeable / impervious - water runoffs the surface

Aquatics Question #41

Identify the tool to measure salinity. Question #41 Identify the tool to measure salinity.

Answer #41 Hydrometer

Aquatics Question #42

Identify the salinity range for the waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Question #42 Identify the salinity range for the waters of the Chesapeake Bay.

About 0 ppt to 32 ppt (or 35 ppt) Answer #42 About 0 ppt to 32 ppt (or 35 ppt)

Aquatics Question #43

As temperature increases, DO ___________ Question #43 As temperature increases, DO ___________

Answer #43 Decreases

Aquatics Question #44

As aeration increases, DO _____________. Question #44 As aeration increases, DO _____________.

Answer #44 Increases

Aquatics Question #45

Question #45 In order for dirt to enter a body of water, it must be loose and exposed. The process of _________ wears away the Earths surface and exposes dirt.

Answer #45 Erosion

Aquatics Question #46

Identify the tool that is used to measure turbidity Question #46 Identify the tool that is used to measure turbidity

Answer #46 Secchi disk

Aquatics Question #47

Identify 3 direct effects due to turbid water from excessive sediment Question #47 Identify 3 direct effects due to turbid water from excessive sediment

Answer #47 -blocks sunlight causing SAV to die -buries benthic organisms (benthos; bottom dwellers) -buries fish eggs -clogs fish gills -fills in a body of water

Aquatics Question #48

What 2 pollutions cause acid precipitation? Question #48 What 2 pollutions cause acid precipitation?

Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide Answer #48 Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide

Aquatics Question #49

Question #49 What is the main source of these pollutants that cause acid precipitation?

Burning of fossil fuels Answer #49 Burning of fossil fuels

Aquatics Question #50

Question #50 If water has little oxygen, the it is hypoxic, yet if the water has no oxygen, then it is __________

Anoxic Hypoxia=little oxygen Anoxia=no oxygen Answer #50 Anoxic Hypoxia=little oxygen Anoxia=no oxygen

Aquatics Question #51

Question #51 The Bay experiences two types of currents. The incoming tidal current, which causes the water level to rise is called the ______ current, whereas the outgoing tidal current which causes the water level to drop is called the _______ current.

Incoming - flood current Outgoing - ebb current Answer #51 Incoming - flood current Outgoing - ebb current

Aquatics Question #52

Question #52 A flood current results in a _______ tide whereas an ebb current results in a _______ tide

Answer #52 Flood - high Ebb – low

Aquatics Question #53

A _______ tide is a special tide where there is a huge tidal range Question #53 A _______ tide is a special tide where there is a huge tidal range

Answer #53 Spring

Aquatics Question #54

Question #54 A ______ tide occurs when the Earth moon and sun are in a right angle, whereas a _______ tide occurs when the Earth moon and sun are in a straight line.

Right angle - neap Straight line – spring Answer #54 Right angle - neap Straight line – spring

Aquatics Question #55

What is the name for the tail of a fish? Question #55 What is the name for the tail of a fish?

Answer #55 Caudal fin

Aquatics Question #56

What is the name for fin on the top/back of the fish? Question #56 What is the name for fin on the top/back of the fish?

Answer #56 Dorsal fin

Aquatics Question #57

Question #57 In which season is the Bay the saltiest? Explain your answer (2 reasons)

Answer #57 Summer Less precipitation (freshwater being added) More evaporation (freshwater evaporates, leaving salt behind)

Aquatics Question #58

Describe why plants are green and the importance of the green color ? Question #58 Describe why plants are green and the importance of the green color ?

Answer #58 Plants are green because they contain chloroplasts, which have chlorophyll inside (the chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place) The chlorophyll captures the sunlight and allows the plant to go through photosynthesis, making its own food, therefore starting the food chain, as well as produce and release oxygen in the process.

Aquatics Question #59

Describe 3 reasons why DO levels may decrease. Question #59 Describe 3 reasons why DO levels may decrease.

Answer #59 Temperate increases: warmer water holds less DO Aeration is low: slow-moving/still water has little DO Water becomes turbid, blocking sunlight and killing SAV: SAV produce oxygen Excessive nutrients cause an algal bloom: blocks sunlight so SAV die (lowers DO - no more photosynthesis), algae use up nutrients and die (lowers DO - no more photosynthesis), and bacteria invade to consume the dead SAV & algae (bacteria use oxygen for cellular respiration)

Aquatics Question #60

Question #60 What is a a sessile organism? Identify 1 example of a sessile organism that we have studied in the Aquatics?

Answer #60 Sessile: non-motile (stuck in 1 place - cannot move) Example:American Oyster Others: oysters, clams, mussels, barnacles…

Aquatics Question #61

What is the name of the air-filled sac on the inside of fish? Question #61 What is the name of the air-filled sac on the inside of fish?

Answer #61 Swim bladder

Aquatics Question #62

Question #62 What is a spat?

Juvenile attached oyster Answer #62 Juvenile attached oyster

Aquatics Question #63

Question #63 What is a baby blue crab in the first part of the larval stage? (it is considered a zooplankton since it drifts; at this point, the blue crab looks like a shrimp)

Answer #63 Zoea

Aquatics Question #64

Question #64 What is the word for “shedding ones outer covering (shell) to grow larger”?

Answer #64 Molt

Aquatics Question #65

What are the 2 diseases that affect the American Oyster? Question #65 What are the 2 diseases that affect the American Oyster?

MSX and Dermo (both are caused by parasites) Answer #65 MSX and Dermo (both are caused by parasites)

Aquatics Question #66

Question #66 What does #1 represent? 1 2 5 4 3

Answer #66 Spiny dorsal fin

Aquatics Question #67

Question #67 What does #5 represent? 1 2 5 4 3

Answer #67 Caudal fin

Aquatics Question #68

Identify the word that describe this particular caudal fin? Question #68 Identify the word that describe this particular caudal fin? 1 2 5 4 3

Answer #68 Forked

Aquatics Question #69

Identify the body shape for this fish. Question #69 Identify the body shape for this fish. 1 2 5 4 3

Answer #69 Torpedo

Aquatics Question #70

Question #70 Identify the river in the Chesapeake Bay watershed that flows to Baltimore City – Inner Harbor.

Answer #70 Patapsco River

Aquatics Question #71

Name 3 reasons why oysters are declining in the Bay. Question #71 Name 3 reasons why oysters are declining in the Bay.

Answer #71 Diseases – MSX and Dermo Invasive species (Asian oysters) Overharvest – too many taken out of the bay Too many nutrients Too much sediment Predators – American Oystercatcher (bird) and Oyster drill (snail)

Aquatics Question #72

What part of the horseshoe crab has medical uses? Question #72 What part of the horseshoe crab has medical uses?

Answer #72 Blood

Aquatics Question #73

What process happens when too many nutrients get into the Aquatics? Question #73 What process happens when too many nutrients get into the Aquatics?

Answer #73 Eutrophication

Aquatics Question #74

Identify the word that means: plant-like drifter Question #74 Identify the word that means: plant-like drifter

Answer #74 Phytoplankton

Aquatics Question #75

Question #75 The overall result of excessive nutrients entering the water can be a lot of dead aquatic organisms due to the lack of __________

Answer #75 Dissolved oxygen

Aquatics Question #76

What is mercury bad if it enters an aquatic ecosystem? Question #76 What is mercury bad if it enters an aquatic ecosystem?

Answer #76 Mercury is not excreted, meaning does not exit with waste products. It will build up inside an organisms body (bioaccumulation) and affect higher levels of the food chain (biomagnification)

Question #77 (FINAL QUESTION) Aquatics Question #77 (FINAL QUESTION)

Question #77 DATA A DATA B DATA C Salinity 0 ppt 15 ppt 32 ppt Temperature 55 F 68 F 100 F Dissolved Oxygen 1 mg/l 5 mg/l Feeding schedule 100 pellets/day 5 pellets/day

Based on this data chart… Question #77 Based on this data chart… Which data (A B or C) shows the result of thermal pollution? How can you tell? Which data (A B or C) shows the result of eutrophication? How can you tell?