Torque

Torque Force moves things linearly (along straight lines) Torque moves things rotationally (in a circle) Defined as: A turning effect around a fulcrum on a rigid object T Force Perpendicular to Axis Created By Fulcrum Fulcrum

Torque Torque is created by a force perpendicular to the axis of the rigid object Rigid just means it does not deform or break when a force is applied T = F∆d F – Force perpendicular to Axis (N) ∆d – Distance from fulcrum (m) T – Torque (Nm)

To create Torque Small force over a large distance Large force over a small distance These trade offs can produce the same Torque

Article: Torque and Clamping Force

Applications To achieve the proper tightness so a wheel doesn’t fall off and so the stud doesn’t break Untorqued Torqued to Spec Over Torqued

If you were to tighten by hand, how much force would you have to apply?

What if you decided to use a wrench? The handle is 40cm long

Why does this guy know Physics? How much force is he applying to get off a lug nut tightened to standard? Hint: You’ll have to estimate the effort distance

A pipe increases the distance at which the force is applied, this increases the turning force (Torque) that is applied

Determining Torque Find 3 things that rotate Determine where the fulcrum is Measure a distance away from the fulcrum where you can apply a force Determine the force required to cause rotational acceleration (to turn the thing) Determine the torque required to cause rotational acceleration Repeat steps 2, 3 and 4 for one other point

Torque on Levers 𝑇 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝐸 𝑑 𝐸 𝑇 𝐿 = 𝐹 𝐿 𝑑 𝐿 𝑇 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝐸 𝑑 𝐸 TE – Torque provided by effort (Nm) FE – Force provided by effort (N) dE – Distance between effort And fulcrum (m) 𝑇 𝐿 = 𝐹 𝐿 𝑑 𝐿 TL – Torque provided by load (Nm) FL – Force provided by load (N) dL – Distance between load And fulcrum (m)

Rotational equilibrium Definitions Static Equilibrium Lever is at rest and forces are balanced Rotational equilibrium Lever is not turning or turning at a constant speed ∑T = 0

Law of the Lever If in rotational equilibrium:

TCCW – Torque Counterclockwise We can also use: TCW = TCCW TCW – Torque clockwise TCCW – Torque Counterclockwise

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhrR4384SGE

Example Amarpal is sitting on a surf board, Gurinder wants to go surfing. If Amarpal has a mass of 50kg and is sitting 2.0m from the end of the board, how much force will Gurinder have to apply at a distance of 3.5m from the end of the board to balance Amarpal’s torque?