Solid & Hazardous Wastes

Sustainable Resource Use? Overarching principles of a low-throughput economy and society? Please describe three:

Industrial Ecology Principles on “cleaner production” “Waste” redefined “Waste unplugged” “Waste plugged back in”

Material Flow Economies Contrasted with Service Flow Economies

Cradle ? Cradle to Grave: Cradle to Cradle

Solid Waste Sources 1. Mining 2. Ag. 3. Manufacturing 4. MSW & Sewage Sludge/Biosolids

The fate of “Trash” (U.S.) About half of it  Landfilled (perhaps with a small but growing portion of that going to landfillharmonic applications and the like) ~ 30% is recycled ~16% is incinerated

Fundamental Features of a

Sanitary Landfills Site Considerations: -Describe four-

Landfill Site Selection Location ? Please elaborate, - perhaps stating the obvious Water table: what this refers to and why it might be of interest here Often related to WT  Precipitation  Leachate formation and MOVEMENT  (Leaking Liners …?)  Groundwater Contamination ??

… The Daily Cover …

Just Add Water ….. Why?

What’s Up with the Bird?

Waste = Food ? For many Feathered Friends …

Puente Hills Landfill

Primary & Secondary Recycling Primary: Closed Loop Secondary: Open Loop

Pre- vs. Post- Consumer Waste: ? Why does it matter ?

Potential Obstacles to Recycling Describe twelve: (Three would be fine here)

Market-price for Recycled Materials NIMBY mind-set Costs to Operate: Facilities, vehicles/transportation networks, fuel/energy to convert, Scale ? others ………..

Materials Recovery Facilities Advantages & Potential Disadvantages

Waste-to-Energy Plants: PROs / CONs

“Hazardous” legally defined: carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, easily flammable, explosive, volatile, corrosive

Managing Hazardous Wastes Describe three accepted methods:

Surface Impoundments: “Pool” Deep Well Injection: “TerraSyringe” Above Ground , or In-ground storage repositories: “Vault”

Remediation Bioremediation: Phytoremediation:

Bioremediation Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans: genetically engineered to absorb Toluene and elemental Mercury Fungi (Mycoremediation): Oyster Fungi absorbs PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), such as benzo alpha pyrene (the “first carcinogen”, chimney sweeps carcinoma, 1700s)

Phytoremediation Phytostabilization: Phytodegradation: Phytoextraction:

Potential Haz. Mat(s). Examples Please be familiar with a brief description & major source of each: Pb, Dioxins, Chlorine, Methane, PCBs, MTBE, Leachate, Plastics (incl. nurdles), Hydrogen Sulfide, DDT, …

Brownfields: Please share a brief description and one example

Law & Order Prominent legislation: -RCRA: provisons C-2-G -CERCLA: Superfund

RCRA stands for:

Superfund: CERCLA highlight please note the “d” in Superfund Abandoned, hazardous waste sites To be based on a Polluter-Pays Principle, … but,

Superfund Sites are much higher risk and much more extensively impacted sites than Brownfields

Pay-As-You-Throw: Potential Challenges ?

Majora Carter: Environmental & Social Justice Leader South Bronx vs. Manhattan: where are the historically polluting Industries?

Lois Gibbs and Love Canal

Van Jones: The Green Collar Economy Jobs, Justice, Policy, Environmental Integrity, sustainability

Anne Anderson & Woburn, MA. The story, the book, the movie,

HAAs Hormonally Active Agents: cause developmental / reproductive abnormalities Ex: Atrazine, PCBs, Phthalates, Bisphenol A(BPA), DDT

Brief Summary of Ch. 15 Toxicology Concepts 1. LD 50 2. Chronic & Acute 3. Teratogens 4. Variables influencing Substance Impact(s) 5. Ecological Gradient 6. Case Studies

UGA w/ the PPTing For Now