10/1/2018 Materials pen/pencil notebook AGENDA Atomic structure Scale 10/1/2018 Materials pen/pencil notebook Objective: Today we will investigate the atomic structure of an atom.

heh BAHHHHHH HI CLASS!!! By Brian Park © KeslerScience.com

Make an educated guess about this image

Answer the following questions from the image on the previous page 1. Come up with at least 3 educated guesses on what you think the image is. 2. Write down at least 3 questions you have about this image 3. Do you think we can research it, investigate it, or can’t answer it? Explain your answer. 4. How do you think this is related to chemistry?

Essential Questions: What is the basic structure of atoms? How is an atom’s mass calculated? Which subatomic particles are electrically charged? .

Essential Questions: 4. Where are the three main subatomic particles located? 5. How do protons determine an atom’s identity?

Atoms Electrons Negatively charged subatomic particle Located outside the nucleus. Does not contribute to the atom’s mass. 1 Electron = 1/2000 atomic mass unit (amu) In a neutral atom the number of protons and electrons are equal. © KeslerScience.com

Atoms Protons Positively Charged subatomic particles Located inside the nucleus Contributes to the atomic mass Number is equal to electrons in a neutral atom © KeslerScience.com

Neutrons Neutrally charged subatomic particle. Located inside the nucleus Also contributes to the atomic mass (protons + neutrons) © KeslerScience.com

Atoms Periodic Table This table shows all the different atoms there are on Earth. It’s called the Periodic Table of Elements. Remember, an atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. Let’s take a closer look at one atom(element). © KeslerScience.com

N 7 Face Partner -Atoms Nitrogen 14.007 1. The element’s (atom’s) name. Nitrogen 2. The symbol for nitrogen. (N) 3. The number of protons (7), which is also referred to as the atomic number. 4. The atomic mass (14.007). (protons + neutrons = atomic mass) 5. How can we determine the number of neutrons in nitrogen? Hint: atomic mass (14) – atomic number (7)= neutrons What can we tell about this atom (element) from the PT? N 7 14.007 Nitrogen © KeslerScience.com

Shoulder Partner– Atom Practice Grab a partner and let’s practice. Do the math! Element (atom) Protons Neutrons Mass Carbon ? 6 12 Beryllium 4 5 10 Magnesium 24 Make up 4 problems of your own asking for the element name, #of protons, neutrons and electrons. © KeslerScience.com

Check for Understanding Can you… Describe the sturcture of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons? Identify an element by its number of protons? Clear up any confusion and answer questions. © KeslerScience.com

Periodic Table Vocabulary Group – A vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a group have similar properties. Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a period have varying properties. Reactive – Likely to undergo a chemical change Metal – An element that tends to be shiny, easily shaped, and a good conductor of electricity and heat Nonmetal – An element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite those of a metal.

Vocab Cont. Metalloid – An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Radioactivity – The process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles Isotope – A form of a chemical element that differs in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. It is the same element, just with a different atomic mass. Half-life – The amount of time it takes for half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay into atoms of another element

The Periodic Table Periodic Occurring or Recurring at Regular Intervals Elements are Arranged in Many Ways on the Periodic Table Similar Properties Reactivity Atomic Size Density Etc…

The Periodic Table…Continued Size of Atoms Decreases from LEFT to RIGHT and Increases from TOP to BOTTOM Largest: Cesium Smallest: Helium Density Increases from TOP to BOTTOM Increases from the OUTSIDE INWARD Hydrogen: 0.00009 g/cm3 Osmium: 22.57 g/cm3

Periodic Table-Rotation-Watch it! https://goo.gl/bDeGM7 #2- What does the Atomic # represent on the periodic table? #3-Which part of the atom allows one atom to react with another one? #4- What is true about elements that are in the same column (group/family)?

Alkali Metals Groups and Periods Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature Malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, solids at room temperature Have low densities and low melting points Softer than most other metals Can explode if they are exposed to water Used to produce chemicals, metals, soap, glass, ceramics, and petroleum products

Alkaline Earth Metals Groups and Periods Metals Very Reactive (give up 2 electrons during reactions) Never found free in nature Groups and Periods

Transition Metals Groups and Periods ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field Used in jewelry, industry (copper, steel, iron), technology, light bulbs, and in the food we eat Less reactive than most metals

Groups and Periods Other Metals are ductile and malleable are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

Groups and Periods Metalloids Have properties of both metals and non-metals Appearance will vary Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators. Conduct better than nonmetals but not as well as metals NOTE: any element above 92 is too unstable to occur in nature and must be done in a lab, scientist were able to predict existence of elements (neon and germanium before they were even discovered

Groups and Periods Nonmetals Metals not able to conduct electricity or heat very well exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

Groups and Periods Halogens exists in all three states halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts" Very reactive nonmetals that form salts when combined with many metals Very reactive; often bond with elements from group one. Used to kill harmful micro-organisms in hospitals, to purify drinking water, and prevent growth of algae in swimming pools. exists in all three states Solid- Iodine, Astatine Liquid- Bromine Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine Groups and Periods

Groups and Periods Noble Gases Exist as gases, non-metals 8 electrons on outer shell= full Not reactive with other elements. Groups and Periods

Groups and Periods Rare Earth Metals The Rare Earth Metals are typically silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Good conductors of electricity 2 Subgroups Lanthanide Series: many forms, some with magnetic properties Actinide Series All are radioactive Groups and Periods