Eukaryotic Cell Structure Pg 174-181

Organelles – “little organs” Specialized structures in the cell

Cytoplasm / Cytosol Clear, gelatinous fluid outside the nucleus Holds organelles ALL Cells

Cell / Plasma Membrane Lipid bi-layer Flexible boundary between the cell and outside Controls what moves in and out of cell ALL Cells

Nucleus Control center of the cell Where DNA is stored All Eukaryotes

Nuclear Membrane / Envelope Double membrane around the nucleus Uses nuclear pores to transport things in and out of the nucleus Eukaryotes

Golgi Body / Apparatus Flattened sacs of membranes Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials Eukaryotes can have

Mitochondria Have a double membrane (inner and outer) Converts food into energy (cellular respiration) Powerhouse of the cell Eukaryotes can have.

Ribosomes Small, round Found free or on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Site of protein synthesis Eukaryotes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane system Has ribosomes Modifies and transports proteins Eukaryotes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane system Makes lipids Detoxifies drugs Eukaryotes

Nucleolus Small, dense region inside the nucleus Where ribosomes are made Eukaryotes

Lysosomes Sacs that contain digestive enzymes Breaks down lipids, carbs, proteins to use Kills cells – apoptosis Eukaryotes

Vacuoles Storage sacs Eukaryotes Usually water, salts, proteins, or carbs Eukaryotes

Chloroplasts Green, capture light, contain chlorophyll Use light to produce food for plants (photosynthesis) PLANT cells

Central Vacuole Storage membranes Main site of water storage in plants PLANT cells

Cell Wall Outside plasma membrane Provides support, protection, shape PLANT cells

Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microtubules thread like proteins (actin) Form tough, flexible framework Help cells move Microtubules Hollow tube structures Maintains cell shape Used in cell division Used to build cilia and flagella

Cytoskeleton

Centrioles Occur in pairs Cytoskeleton: Organizes cell division ANIMAL cells