Phase Diagrams

The 3 States of Matter The 3 states of matter are Solid Liquid Gas

Kinetic Energy and Temperature Kinetic Energy KE The energy of motion The hotter substance is the more KE it has As an object heats up, its particles move faster As an object cools, its particles move slower

Solids Most solids are crystals Crystals are an orderly, repeating 3 dimensional pattern Most solids have only one known crystal pattern. Salt (NaCl) is always a cube

Normal Points Pressure affects boiling and melting points At sea level, normal pressure is 1 atm Normal melting point is the temperature that a substance melts at 1 atm Normal boiling point is the temperature that a substance boils at 1 atm

Phase Diagrams Graphs with temperature on the X axis and pressure on the Y axis The diagrams show the boundaries of the states of matter. Triple point on the graph is where solid, liquids and gas for the substance exist in equilibrium Critical point – where the temperature is so high the only phase that can exist is a gas No increase in pressure will cause the substance to become a liquid.

Phase diagram of water

Phase Diagram of CO2