LecturePLUS Timberlake 1.4 Alcohols and Ethers LecturePLUS Timberlake

Alcohols

Alcohols Contain one or more hydroxyl groups, —OH Named from parent hydrocarbon; suffix changed to -ol and number designates carbon to which hydroxyl is attached.

Compounds with Oxygen Atoms Alcohols -OH hydroxyl CH3-OH CH3CH2-OH Phenols Ethers -O- CH3-O-CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Al1 Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3): A. _____ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. _____ CH3CH2OH B. _____ LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution Al 1 Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3): A. __3__ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. __1__ CH3CH2OH B. _ 2__ LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Naming Alcohols A carbon compound that contain -OH (hydroxyl) group In IUPAC name, the -e in alkane name is replaced with -ol. CH4 methane CH3OH methanol CH3CH3 ethane CH3CH2OH ethanol LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake More Names of Alcohols IUPAC names for longer chains number the chain from the end nearest the -OH group. CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol OH CH3CHCH3 propan-2-ol CH3 OH CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3 5-methylhexan-2-ol LecturePLUS Timberlake

Classification Primary: carbon with –OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with –OH is bonded to two other carbons. Tertiary: carbon with –OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring. => Chapter 10

Classify these: => Chapter 10

LecturePLUS Timberlake Some Typical Alcohols OH “rubbing alcohol” CH3CHCH3 propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) antifreeze HO-CH2-CH2-OH ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol) glycerol HO-CH2-CH-CH2OH propan-1,2,3-triol Anti-freeze LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check Al 2 Name the following alcohols: A. OH CH3CHCHCH2CH3 CH3 OH B. LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution Al 2 Name the following alcohols: A. OH 3-methylpentan-2-ol CH3CHCHCH2CH3 CH3 OH B. Cyclobutan-1-ol LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Phenols IUPAC name for benzene with a hydroxyl group Many are used as antiseptics and disinfectants LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Phenols in Medicine LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Ethers Contain an -O- between two carbon groups Formed by a condensation reaction of 2 alcohols to remove a molecule of water Methanol reacts with methanol to form CH3-O-CH3 methoxy methane Methanol reacts with ethanol to form CH3-O-CH2CH3 methoxy ethane LecturePLUS Timberlake

Ethers Tend to be quite unreactive. Therefore, they are good polar solvents.