Bill of Rights: The first 10 Amendments to the US Constitution

1st Amendment The 1st amendment guarantees 5 basic freedoms for everyone in the United States Freedom of Speech We have the right to criticize our government Freedom of Religion Government cannot favor any religion nor can we be forced to participate in government sponsored religious activity

Amendment 1: con’t Freedom of Press Freedom of Assembly We are free to publish information without interference or censorship from government Freedom of Assembly We are free to gather in private and public places even in orderly protest. Freedom of Petition We have the right to petition our government for change and demand righting of wrongs and injustice.

2nd Amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Individuals do have a right to bear arms, not just the militia

3rd Amendment Quartering of troops is forbidden Unless the government goes to a federal judge and has the judge declares a national emergency

4th Amendment Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures Warrants issued based upon probable cause The exclusionary rule = evidence gained improperly must be thrown out

5th Amendment Indictment by a “Grand Jury” Right to remain silent Arrest warrants must be issued by a court Right to remain silent You are not required to help government prove you guilty Double Jeopardy Can’t be tried twice for same offense

Amendment 5: con’t Due Process Eminent Domain Government cannot take property without paying fair value Miranda v. Arizona (1966) The police must read you your rights

6th Amendment Speedy and public trial Impartial jury of your peers Know the charges brought against you Question witnesses and call witnesses on your behalf Right to a lawyer Gideon v. Wainwright

7th Amendment Civil suits of more than $20, you can request a jury trial

8th Amendment No excessive bail or fines Punishment must fit the crime No cruel or unusual punishment Mitchell Rupe Case

Remainder of the Bill of Rights. Amendment 9 ~ Other rights may exist Right to privacy? Right to a public education? Amendment 10 ~ Preservation of states’ rights Elections Voting requirements Defining marriage Setting speed limits