Harappan Civilization 2nd Period
Seal of Pashupati (Lord of the Cattle) General Information 3000-1500 BCE Existed along the Indus River Present day Pakistan Known for their impressive, organized and regular layout Great engineers Brick buildings Impressive drainage system People of this time worshiped animals and birds Pashupati, Mother Goddess, Lingam, and Yoni Seal of Pashupati (Lord of the Cattle)
Religion and Religious Developments Worshipped motherly goddess symbolizing fertility Swastika symbol representing well-being was found in ruins Animal statues symbolize gods Also worshipped male god Similar to hinduism
Political Organization/ Class Systems Don’t know much Rich and strategic in how they built Social Structure were elaborate and very defined Important part of culture Called their system a “caste” Affected the daily lives of citizens Stayed with the same class their whole life 5 levels: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Shudras, Untouchables Men would do labor and women produce offspring
Technological/Artistic Innovations and Contributions -Utilized materials and resources- wood and and minerals from mountains of northern countries -Major cities and urban centers were discovered to be located along the major river systems -Utilization of standardized bricks led to domestic + public architecture -Baked brick -Mud brick -Pottery, clay sealings, and stone were all discovered to be commonly marked with script -Technological transportation methods developed to connect distant Indus cities and to distribute materials (process known as internal trade)
Economic Setup/ Job Specialization Ruins suggest craftsman and merchants Large furnace Copper tools Jewelry Making stone querns Weaving cotton Making pottery, tools Ruins also suggest they husked corn Farmers Buildings built out of mud bricks Builders
Fun Facts They belonged to the bronze age. It existed for about 1000 years from 2500 BC to 1500 BC. People of that era worshiped animals and birds Their cities were the engineering masterpieces of the time It had a more advanced sanitation system than many contemporary urban cities They had knowledge of dentistry There were no pyramids, tombs, or palaces They could not read
Why so Little is known about the civilization Invasion by Indo-europeans disrupted culture Lack of writing (hard to translate) Disconnected in certain aspects of their society because of a lack of artifacts Flooding from the river changed the land and builidings over time
Citations "Political System of the Harappa Civilization." History Tuition,www.historytuition.com/indus_valley_civilization/ political-system-of-the-harappa-civilization.html. Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. "Harappa." Encyclopedia of India, edited by Stanley Wolpert, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 170-171. World History in Context, Accessed 26 Aug. 2018. sanujit. (n.d.). Religious Developments in Ancient India. Retrieved from www.ancient.eu website: http://developments India, Haadle. “Indus Valley Social Class System.” Prezi.com, 1 May 2015, prezi.com/_usgnfdsnaks/indus-valley-social-class-system/. “Public Works.” Museum of the Indus River Valley Civilization, indusrivervalley-civilization.weebly.com/public-works.html. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Reference&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCX3446500288&docType=Culture+overview&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=&prodId=WHIC&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3446500288&searchId=R4&userGroupName=engl88921&inPS=true# Einfeld, Jann, editor. India. Compiled by Bonnie Szumski, Greenhaven Press.