Geo Day 72

Starter What is the difference in the purpose of art between the Dark Ages and the Renaissance? What is a Renaissance man? Why was the Catholic church upset with Galileo?

Today’s Learning Targets I will be able to explain the changes the Reformation caused to power in Europe.

Vocab Protestant: those protesting the Pope, end up being any Christian that is not Catholic

Gutenberg Printing Press Enabled mass printing Hand printing: 40 pages per workday Printing press: 3,600 pages per workday Effect Everyone can have access to books, not just rich People can have access to books whenever they want them 1st printed book is the Bible Bible now read by ANYONE

Martin Luther One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation German monk and professor of religion Wrote and nailed 95 Theses to local church door

95 Theses Luther’s intention: Not to break with the church, but reform it! Criticized: Indulgences (paying $ to have sins forgiven) Power of Pope Wealth of Church

95 Theses

From the Pope’s perspective, rank Martin Luther’s teachings from the most threatening (1) to the least (5). Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full forgiveness of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon. (Luther, 95 Theses, #36, 1517) Christians are to be taught that the buying of pardons is a matter of free will, and not of commandment. (Luther, 95 Theses, #47, 1517) The indulgences which the preacher’s cry as the “greatest graces” are known to be truly such, because they promote gain. (Luther, 95 Theses, #67, 1517) Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of Saint Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money? (Luther, 95 Theses, #87, 1517) Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason – I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other – my conscience is captive to the Word of God…God help me. Amen. (Martin Luther, Speech before the Diet of Worms, 1521)

John Calvin Predestination God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation

English Reformation

King Henry VIII English king during Protestant Reformation Wanted a son, but wife (Catherine) unable to bear children Henry petitions Pope for a divorce so he can marry Anne Boleyn but is denied (Christian divorces are not allowed unless approved by Pope) Henry splits from the Catholic Church and declares himself head of the Church of England or Anglicanism

Protestant Protestant (Anglican) (Anglican) Catholic Catholic DON’T WORRY ABOUT Catholic Protestant (Calivinst)

Henry’s mess Henry’s legitimate children: Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward Edward is to become king, but dies young Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” Raised Catholic like her mother Reestablished Catholic Church in England. After her death, Elizabeth becomes queen Queen Elizabeth I Raised Protestant - Anglicanism Reverses Mary’s Catholic Rulings Rules for 44 years and solidifies Protestantism in England and causes conflicts with Catholic Ireland

Elizabeth I and the English Reformation