Do now activity #3 In pea plants, yellow seed color (Y) is dominant over green seed color (y). Complete the cross between a plant that is heterozygous for yellow seeds and a plant that is homozygous recessive.

Do now activity #4 What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits? What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous genotypes? How does the genotype of an organism determine the phenotype of that organism?

Do now activity #4 Dimples (D) is dominant over no dimples (d). A woman heterozygous for dimples has a child with a man heterozygous for dimples. *Use a punnet square to determine the probability of the couple having a child without dimples.

Section 5-3: Punnet Squares Essential Question: How can a punnet square be used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on the parents genotype? Learning Target Use a punnett square to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on the parents genotype. Section 5-3: Punnet Squares

Last day to turn in LATE WORK is 11/30/16. announcements Biology Tutoring this week: Lunch B (Tuesday & Thursday) 7:00AM (Monday – Friday) After school Biology Tutoring: Tuesday Last day to turn in LATE WORK is 11/30/16.

announcements Available Extra Credit: Tissue Box = 2 Points Color Printer Paper = 10 Points Plastic Pencil Box = 5 Points Canned Food = 1 Point

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Probability: the likelihood that an event will occur. overview cyclins Probability: the likelihood that an event will occur.

When you flip a coin, what is the probability that you will get Tails? overview When you flip a coin, what is the probability that you will get Tails? cyclins

The probability of a particular event occurring from a coin toss is overview Example: Coin Toss The probability of a particular event occurring from a coin toss is ½ or 50% cyclins

overview Example: Coin Toss Possible events: Heads = ½ or 50% probability Tails = ½ or 50% probability cyclins

Traits Based on genetic information, we can use a Punnet Square to determine the probable traits of our children. cyclins

Traits are controlled by genes cyclins

Punnet squares Steps Define your letters Set up your cross-breed Draw your Punnet Square Law of Segregation Solve the Punnet Square Calculate probabilities cyclins

Mono-Hybrids: crosses between parents for a ______ trait. Punnet squares Mono-Hybrids: crosses between parents for a ______ trait. Examples: Dimples, Cleft chin, Freckles, Widow peak single

Punnet squares In humans, tongue rolling is dominant over non-tongue rolling. Use a Punnett square to predict the probability of having a non- tongue rolling baby for a cross between a person heterozygous for tongue rolling and a person who is homozygous for non-tongue rolling. cyclins

Question! Heterozygous for tongue rolling And homozygous for non-tongue rolling. cyclins

Punnet squares Di-Hybrids: crosses between parents for two ________ traits. Examples: Freckles & Cleft chin Dimples & Widow peak different

Punnet squares Di-Hybrid = combining 2 different traits Ex. Freckles x Dimples

Alleles separate during ______ formation Law of segregation Alleles separate during ______ formation gamete

Law of segregation Dominant Allele The trait is always expressed Shown by a capital letter cyclins

Law of segregation Recessive Allele Trait is expressed when a dominant allele is not there Shown by lowercase letter cyclins

Gametes Segregation Parent Generation D d D d Baby Generation DD Dd Dd dd Results: DD = Dimples Dd = Dimples dd = no dimples 75% Dimples, 25% No Dimples

Punnet squares In humans, straight thumb (S) is dominant over hitch-hikers thumb ( s ). Use a Punnett square to predict the probability of having a baby with hitch-hiker thumb for two people heterozygous for straight thumb. cyclins

Question! And Heterozygous for straight thumb cyclins

Question! The allele for tall plant (T) is dominant over the allele for short plant (t). A homozygous tall plant is bred with a homozygous short plant. cyclins

Question! How is it possible to have 100% TALL pea plant offspring when the genes were 50% Tall (mom) and 50% Short (dad)? cyclins