Review What signaled that the Ming Dynasty lost the Mandate? What “Dynasty” took over after the Ming Dynasty?

#2 - British Arrive Chapter 28.1 British arrive - set up trade port in Canton in south British emerging as an Empire - win India power of technology!

#2 - AIM: What impact did the Opium Wars have in China?

Concerns? What concerns did the West have with China’s trade policy in the early 1900’s – Qing Dynasty? Unequal: China selling more goods to outside world - not allowing outside world to sell in China For decades only the southern port of Canton was open for trade to the west.

Chinese Trade Policy China only allowed foreigners to trade through one port – Canton This created an imbalanced in trade

Sneaky Sneaky! British trick the Chinese into Trade but uses a harmful item! Opium used for medicinal purposes for years by Chinese. Opium: habit forming narcotic made from poppy plant British smuggle it into China 1835: 12 million addicted in China

Chinese reaction!! Opium War [1839]: China v. Britain Emperor asks Queen Victoria to force merchants to stop trading opium Pleas went unanswered. Chinese government arrested British opium dealers, broke into British-owned warehouses, confiscated the opium & destroyed it. British retaliate.

War Begins Opium War is at sea Great Britain has a Chinese ships no match for Britain’s steam powered gun boats – China defeated

The Peace Treaty [1842] Treaty of Nanjing: Britain gained Hong Kong, 5 new ports open for trade; receive “most favored nation status”, China paid $20 million in fines or indemenities No Tribute [1844] Another Treaty Signed Extra-territorial rights given- foreigners not subject to Chinese law at the ports that are open for trade These treaties became known as “The Unequal Treaties” Creates resentment!

What internal problems did the Qing dynasty have ? Chinese population grew! 430 million by 1850… 30% gain in 60 years Food Production could not meet demands – hunger widespread…unrest brewing A rebellion is the result

What was the Taiping Rebellion [1851-1864]? Taiping= “Great Peace” Hong Ziuquan A Christian convert who saw himself as the brother of Jesus or the son of god Build a new kingdom where everyone would share in the wealth 1,000,000 peasants turned on their masters Massive peasant army captured Nanking & made it their capital

Result of the Taiping Rule Constant warring – Inefficient government Taipings destroyed agricultural centers. Major cultural centers lost masterpieces, imperial libraries were burned Disaster – Yellow River changes course - floods the south

Qing (Manchu) get help from British and French Great Britain & France give support in putting down the rebellion 1864 – Taiping government collapses The deadliest military conflict in recorded history 20 million dead

ummmmm….pie