Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Presentation transcript:

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6:5 Muscular System 600+ muscles in the body Bundles of muscle fibers held together with connective tissue Some attach to the bones by strong cords called tendons Other attach to the bones tough sheet-like membrane called fascia Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Properties of Muscles Excitability/irritability Ability to respond to a stimulus/nerve impulse Contractibility Can become short & thick which allows for movement Extensibility Ability to be stretched Elasticity Allow muscle to return to original shape Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Kinds of Muscles Cardiac Forms the walls of the heart Visceral or smooth Found in internal organs (digestive, respiratory tracts) & allows for movement within these organs Skeletal Attaches to bone to allow movement of the body Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Functions of Muscles Attach bones to provide voluntary movement Produce heat and energy Help maintain posture Protect internal organs Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Actions or Movements of Muscles Adduction Moving a body part toward the midline Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline Flexion Bending a body part Extension Straightening a body part Rotation Turning a body part from side to side Circumduction Moving in a circle such as the arm at the shoulder joint Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Muscle Tone Allows for state of readiness State of being partially contracted at all times Atrophy: Loss of muscle tone Muscles shrink & become smaller Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Muscle Tone (continued) Contracture: severe tightening of muscles resulting in bending of a joint Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Fibromyalgia Continuous pain in muscles Muscular dystrophy Chronic, progressive muscle atrophy Myasthenia gravis Nerve impulses do not reach muscle properly leading to muscles weakness & paralysis Muscle spasms or cramps Painful involuntary contraction of a muscle Strain Overstretching of a muscle Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.