Pravni oblik trgovačkog društva

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Presentation transcript:

Pravni oblik trgovačkog društva numerus clausus određena razina autonomije volje u uređenju društva veća je autonomija u unutarnjem uređenju, nego li u uređenju odnosa društva prema trećima

EU stajalište ES: obveza država članica da priznaju društva i podružnice društava, osnovanih po pravu države članice izbor mjesta osnivanja (države osnivanja, pravnog poretka po kojem će se osnovati) ne znači prijevarno zaobilaženje i zlouporabu prava ograničenja su moguća samo ako bi to bilo u interesu javnog poretka

EU posljedice sloboda izbora ‘najpovoljnijeg prava’ niti država koje primjenjuje teoriju stvarnog sjedišta ne mogu osigurati primjenu vlastitog prava na društva koja suštinski posluju na njenom terotoriju konkurencija pravnih poredaka

EU posljedice migracija društava /ulaganja u povoljniji pravni poredak pseudo-foreign corporations države se trude stvoriti komparativne prednosti svojih zakonodavstava radi privlačenja ulaganja npr. suodlučivanje zaposlenih zaštita vjerovnika kroz institut temeljnog kapitala zaštita manjinskih članova

EU posljedice prednosti u uređenju prava društava za koga? funkcija prava društava i uređenja trgovačkih društava prednosti za ulagače/privatni sektor ili vođenje računa o socijalnoj funkciji harmonizacija prava društava jednaki proces kao u SAD?

SAD

SAD

SAD vodeća uloga prava Delawarea jednostavno osnivanje (10 USD i 24 sata, pa i 1 sat) kontrola nad društvom u rukama većinskih članova liberalan pristup pitanju isplate dividende liberalan pristup stjecanju vlastitih dionica povoljan položaj direktora (ovlasti, davanje kredita od strane društva, ograničenje odgovornosti, minimalan utjecaj članova) razvijena sudska praksa, specijalizirani sudovi

Delaware preko 450.000 društava više od 40% društava čije dionice kotiraju na NYSE imaju registrirano sjedište u Delawareu više od 50% društva između Fortune 500 imaju registrirano sjedište u Delawareu stvarno sjedište u Delawareu ima samo Dupont svake godina osniva se preko 90.000 društava

Delaware http://ecorp.state.de.us/default.sph/ecorpWeb.class http://www.state.de.us/corp/default.shtml ‘corporate capital of the US’ / corporate haven (Walt Disney, Coca-cola, Chrysler, Google, General Motors, McDonald’s, Time Warner)

Sindrom Delawarea/ Delaware effect state charter competition franchise tax race for laxity race to the top natjecanje u stvaranju ‘najpovoljnijeg’prava društava race to the bottom na dereguliranom tržištu države se natječu u privlačenju ulaganja smanjujući razinu socijalne zaštite u okviru pravila prava društava

Race to the bottom http://www.corporationstoday.com/index.html Check out the advantages of incorporating in Wyoming:   No State Income Taxes No information collected to be shared with IRS Privacy allowed Shareholders are not listed with the state Best Asset Protection Laws Bearer Shares are allowed Nominee officers are legal Citizenship not required State tax not being considered Wyoming draws little attention No Nevada "Stigma" Lower Startup Costs

Race to the bottom http://www.thedelawarecompany.com/ Why are over 58% of the Fortune 500 incorporated in Delaware? Here are a few of the reasons that Delaware has become famous as a corporate haven for businesses from all over the world, both large and small: CONVENIENCE A Delaware corporation or LLC can be headquartered anywhere in the world. One individual can be the stockholder, director and hold all the executive offices. You need not have a Delaware office address aside from that of your registered agent (The Delaware Company™). Company records do not need to be kept in Delaware. Stock can be transferred instantly and privately, without filing a public notice. You do not have to be a US citizen to form a regular Delaware "C" corporation or LLC.  You can form your company without coming to Delaware using an online incorporator like The Delaware Company™ . There is no minimum investment to form a Delaware corporation or LLC. FLEXIBILITY ANONYMITY TAX SAVINGS  PROTECTION FROM LAWSUITS 

Obavljanje djelatnosti u RH Podružnica Trgovačko društvo pojedinac poljoprivrednici slobodna zanimanja društva osoba obrtnik društva kapitala ‘ostali oblici’ javno trgovačko društvo trgovac pojedinac dioničko društvo gospodarsko interesno udruženje društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću zadruga ustanova komanditno društvo udruga ortaštvo

Društva u RH samo HR osobe HR i inozemne osobe samo inozemne osobe država kćeri HR društava kćeri inozemnih društava iz EU izvan EU podružnice HR društava podružnice inozemnih društava

Obavljanje djelatnosti u RH trgovačka društva ustanove (Opći porezni zakon) gospodarske djelatnosti negospodarske djelatnosti početak obavljanja djelatnosti samo na temelju odobrenja (ZTD) upis djelatnosti samo na temelju odobrenja (Z. o sudskom registru) obavljanje djelatnosti samo u određenom obliku trg. društva obavljanje neke djelatnosti kao jedini predmet poslovanja djelatnosti od javnog interesa