Dec.18, 2017 You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil Warm up paper for Mental Math Warm Up: Mental Math Quiz will begin shortly. Be ready! I CAN: determine how heat is transferred – and how it relates to density and pressure.

Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things: It traps energy from the sun keeping the Earth warm. The heat also keeps water in liquid form (good for life) It protects Earth from dangerous radiation and meteor collisions.

Let’s make a model! Write the notes ONTO the correct layer. Add color to the layers and the pictures. Cut out the layers and the pictures. Assemble on your notebook paper. **Be careful to place them low enough on the page so that they don’t stick out of the top of your binder!!**

Exploring Air with Syringes Based on the investigation: What can air do? A few words you need to know… Compress – means to squeeze into a smaller space Density – the amount of mass (stuff) in a certain amount of space (volume) Air Pressure – the force of air pushing on stuff Barometer – a tool that measures air pressure COMPRESS

What happened? The fire heats up the air inside the bottle and makes it expand – pushing some air out. When the fire goes out, the air cools and contracts (takes up less space), creating LOW pressure in the bottle. Suddenly the HIGH air pressure outside the bottle can "push" the egg inside.

HEAT TRANSFER

Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Run-off heat Flows Evaporation ocean largest 75 process moves earth atmosphere

But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler. If you’re wearing a black shirt on a sunny day, you will feel REALLY warm. But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler.

This is because dark colors ABSORB more sunlight than lighter colors.

The air over this part of South America might be cool… While the air over this part is warmer. This is called UNEVEN HEATING.

Cold air moves pretty slowly, and stays pretty tightly packed together:

Hot air, on the other hand, goes really fast and expands to fill more space.

So, hot air is LESS DENSE than cold air.

So, since hot air is less dense than the surrounding air, it rises, leaving a low-density, low-pressure area behind. Low pressure

This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!! Nearby cold air can then rush in to fill low-pressure area left by the rising hot air. This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!

UNEVEN HEATING The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by: Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.) Pollution in some areas Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach. During the day, the air over the sand is hotter than the air over the water because the water takes longer to heat up in the Sun. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach. WARMER COOLER

So the wind blows toward the ocean at night. But at night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over the sand, because water HOLDS heat longer than the ground. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night. COOLER WARMER

Sea Breeze

Land Breeze

Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend small scale = daily, weekly, small times Global vs Local winds LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies Horse latitudes 4 Trade winds 5 Equator / Doldrums

United States of America

Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies Horse latitudes 4 Trade winds 5 Equator / Doldrums

Air Masses & Fronts

What is an AIR MASS? WARM COLD WET DRY An air mass is a huge body of air that influences weather. Scientists classify air masses based on: TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY WARM COLD WET DRY

Air Masses are named based on where they FORMED… = TROPICAL = POLAR = MARITIME (means sea… wet) = CONTINENTAL (means land… dry) WARM COLD WET DRY

How are Air Masses named? WET DRY MARITIME TROPICAL CONTINENTAL TROPICAL WARM MARITIME POLAR CONTINENTAL POLAR COLD

North American Air Masses MARITIME POLAR CONTINENTAL POLAR MARITIME POLAR MARITIME TROPICAL MARITIME TROPICAL CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

How do these air masses move? MARITIME POLAR CONTINENTAL POLAR MARITIME POLAR Jet Stream That’s why weather generally moves WEST to EAST in the U.S. Jet Stream Prevailing Westerlies Prevailing Westerlies MARITIME TROPICAL MARITIME TROPICAL CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

What happens when air masses meet? Air masses don’t mix easily. The line between air masses is called a front.

COLD FRONTS

WARM FRONTS

Watch the BrainPop video on “Weather” and write down 2 things you learned.

Use your textbook (pg.133-135) to fill out the chart.

Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts How it Forms Type of Weather Cold A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. Clouds form. If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall. Possible thunderstorms. Warm Front Stationary Front Occluded Front

Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts How it Forms Type of Weather Cold A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. Clouds form. If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall. Possible thunderstorms. Warm Front A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass. Scattered clouds. Light rain or snow. May last several days. Stationary Front Occluded Front

Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts How it Forms Type of Weather Cold A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. Clouds form. If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall. Possible thunderstorms. Warm Front A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass. Scattered clouds. Light rain or snow. May last several days. Stationary Front Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff” Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days. Occluded Front

Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts How it Forms Type of Weather Cold A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. Clouds form. If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall. Possible thunderstorms. Warm Front A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass. Scattered clouds. Light rain or snow. May last several days. Stationary Front Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff” Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days. Occluded Front A warm air mass is caught between 2 cooler air masses. Warm air mass is pushed up. Temperature gets cooler. Clouds and rain may form.

Surface Map (Fronts & Precipitation) Warm Front H High Pressure Occluded Front L Low Pressure Cold Front Stationary Front

Temperature Map

H L What will happen to the weather in Little Rock? Which direction is the warm front moving? L H 12°C 19°C 14°C 20°C 25°C Tuesday Weather Little Rock, AR Clouds & Rain Warmer = 21°C Wednesday Weather Little Rock, AR Partly Sunny Warmer = 26°C Monday Weather Little Rock, AR Sun & clear skies Cool = 15°C 28°C 21°C 26°C 15°C 30°C Warm Front H High Pressure Occluded Front L Low Pressure Cold Front Stationary Front

Which direction is the cold front moving? What will happen to the weather in Nashville? 10°C 8°C 18°C 10°C 11°C Thursday Weather Nashville, TN Partly Sunny Warm = 20°C Saturday Weather Nashville, TN Sunny Cool = 10°C Friday Weather Nashville, TN Thunderstorms Cooler = 15°C 10°C 20°C 15°C Warm Front H High Pressure Occluded Front L Low Pressure Cold Front Stationary Front