Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells

DIFFERENTIATION OF CD8+ T CELLS INTO CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES

Induction and effector phases of CD8+ T cell responses

Nature of Antigen and Antigen-Presenting Cells for Activation of CD8+ T Lymphocytes The activation of naive CD8+ T cells, like that of all naive T cells, is best initiated by antigens presented by dendritic cells

Role of helper T cells in the differentiation of CD8+ T lymphocytes

Role of Cytokines IL-2 promotes proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells into CTLs and memory cells IL-12 and type I IFNs have both been shown to stimulate the differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector CTLs IL-15 is important for the survival of memory CD8+ and may be produced by many cell types, including dendritic cells IL-21 produced by activated CD4+ T cells has been shown to play a role in the induction of CD8+ T cell memory and the prevention of CD8+ T cell exhaustion

T cell exhaustion

EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES

Mechanisms of CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity

Recognition of Antigen and Activation of CTLs

Mechanisms of CTL-mediated killing of target cells

ROLES OF CD8+ CTLs IN HOST DEFENSE In infections by intracellular microbes, the killing activity of CTLs is important for eradication of the reservoir of infection Destruction of infected cells by CTLs is a cause of tissue injury in some infectious diseases CTLs are important mediators of tumor immunity and the rejection of organ transplants