RESPIRATION & OXIDATION

GLYCOLYSIS Step 1: Phosphorylation: Glucose + 2ATP  Fructose 1,6-diphosphate + 2ADP Step 2: Splitting 6C sugar to 2 x 3C sugars: Fructose 1,6-diphosphate  2 Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Step 3: Energy release: 2 ATP molecules recuperated plus… 2 ATP directly synthesised plus… 2 Glyceraldehyde Phosphate  2 Pyruvate 4ADP 4ATP © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

KREBS CYCLE Enzymes located in the inner matrix of mitochondria (in eukaryotes) Note: Number of mitochondria per cell = activity of the cell On average 1000 per cell (between 20 and 10 000).

Inner matrix Cristae Inter membrane space outer membrane Mitochondrial envelope inner membrane Viewed using electron tomography

Step 1: Synthesising ACETYL COENZYME A Also produced from fatty acids and amino acids Pyruvate  Acetyl CoA + CO2 (3C) (2C) (1C) CYTOPLASM  MITOCHONDRIA 3ADP 3ATP

Step 2: Oxidising Acetyl CoA back to the cytoplasm Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate Citrate + CoA (2C) (4C) (6C) KREBS CYCLE Breathed out or used by chloroplasts 2CO2 4H2O 4 x 1/2O2 12ATP 12ADP

The Krebs Cycle, discovered by using inhibitors and isolating enzymes from tissues rich in mitochondria Total ATP from 1 molecule of glucose in AEROBIC CONDITIONS Glycolysis - 2 (phosphorylation) + 8 Krebs Cycle +30 (2x15) TOTAL 36 ATP

Complete Krebs

Complete Krebs