October 27, 2011 New Brunswick, NJ The Application of High Frequency Radar for Mapping Offshore Wind Resources Dr. Hugh Roarty October 27, 2011 New Brunswick, NJ

Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab Vessels - Satellite Satellite CODAR Ships/ Vessels Glider REMUS Data Vis. Modeling Security Leadership Education HF Radar Network L-Band & X-Band Satellite Receivers Glider Fleet 3-D Nowcasts & Forecasts

Components of a High Frequency (HF) RADAR system Computer and Monitor Transmitter Transmit Antenna Receive Antenna electronics Receiver monopole (A3) radial whips loop box (A1 & A2) receive antenna loop 1 (A1) loop 2 (A2) loop box Frequency Dependent Range, Resolution & Vessel Size

High Frequency Radar – Since 1996 14 Long-Range 7 Medium-Range 14 Short-Range 35 Total CODARs Corporate Partner: CODAR Ocean Sensors Nested Grids of Hourly Surface Current Maps ^ Combined CODAR & Satellite Products > 4 4

Applications

U.S. Coast Guard: Search And Rescue Optimal Planning System SAROPS Mid-Atlantic Operational Data Flow to SAROPS SAROPS User Interface SAROPS 96-Hour Search Area: HYCOM = 36,000 km2 SAROPS 96-Hour Search Area: HF Radar = 12,000 km2

Ecological Decision Support – Fisheries Divergent + Convergent Like Upwelling Our Approach: Develop statistical models using bottom trawl surveys and MARACOOS 3-D data to predict species distribution based on observed or forecasted MARACOOS 3-D fields. Hate Downwelling Downwelling Upwelling Downwelling Upwelling

Water Quality – Nearshore Currents Alongshore Current Nearshore currents derived from single site radial currents track the movement of water quality constituents within 3 km of the beach.

An Advanced Atmosphere/Ocean Assessment Program: State of New Jersey New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU) An Advanced Atmosphere/Ocean Assessment Program: Reducing the Risks Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Development As Defined by The NJ Energy Master Plan and The NJ Offshore Wind Energy Economic Development Act Principal Investigators: Scott Glenn, Sc.D. and Rich Dunk, Ph.D., CCM Team Members: Josh Kohut, Louis Bowers, Greg Seroka, John Kerfoot, Lisa Ojanen, Ethan Handel Hi-Res Weather Model Spatial Validation Data Wind Power Statistics

Future Medium Range Network 13 MHz Range ~ 80 km Resolution 2 km

13 MHz Tx/Rx Antenna Single antenna at 13 MHz Transmit and Receive Radial whips no longer needed Possible to install with no guy wires and small base

Deployed August 11, 2011 12

Physics-based numerical computer model that provided preliminary estimates of the annual average wind using their proprietary MesoMap system.

U'c(x,y,t) = slope(x,y)*W'(t) HF Radar Derived Linear Wind Model Current Transient [U'] (cm/s) Wind Transient [W'] (cm/s) Rotate wind vectors according to complex correlation Calculate the slope and intercept of best fit line U'c(x,y,t) = slope(x,y)*W'(t)

Ecological baseline studies of offshore wind power already performed Avian species Fisheries Marine Mammals Sea turtles This project will perform physical baseline study

Offshore Wind Capacity Total Wind Capacity Offshore Wind Capacity Planned Capacity United States 42 GW 0.0 GW 54 GW by 2020 China 0.1 GW 5 GW by 2015 30 GW by 2020 European Union 84 GW 3.0 GW* 6 GW by 2011 19 GW fully consented *9 Countries, 1100 turbines

U.S. National HF Radar Network Data Flow Since 2007 2004 Plan Today’s Coverage 131 Radars

European HF Radar Installations 2011

Conclusions Rutgers is measuring the ocean 24/7 HF Radar network can provide validation of atmospheric models and spatial maps of wind resource off NJ Lessons learned from this project can be exported to the nation and the world