Universe

How Big is Our Universe What is the universe? Everything: All Space (objects in space) and all time How Big is the Universe? We are not certain. Our sight is limited by time. We only see things that have been around long enough for their light to reach us. (the visible known universe) https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/5-8/features/F_How_Big_is_Our_Universe.html

What is a Fingerprint? Unique pattern of ridges on fingers that can be used for identification. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/5-8/features/F_How_Big_is_Our_Universe.html

Electromagnetic Spectrum The Only difference between different types of light is wavelength and that visible white light is all colors of light together. Scientist can separate light into the wavelengths that make up that light by using many devices, one of which is called a spectroscope. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/5-8/features/F_How_Big_is_Our_Universe.html

A Star’s Spectrum Each element produces a different set of spectral lines when it burns. This set of lines could be called a “fingerprint” of that element. By looking at stars with very advanced spectroscopes scientists can identify what a star is made from.

Mystery Gas

Neon Helium Carbon Dioxide Water Vapor Air Argon Hydrogen Nitrogen Time to Vote Neon Helium Carbon Dioxide Water Vapor Air Argon Hydrogen Nitrogen

What is the Doppler Effect? As an object moves toward you, the sound and light waves it produces are “squished together” and have a higher frequency. It’s the opposite with an object that is moving away from you.

Light Doppler https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi kipedia/commons/9/93/Suzreds hift.gif What is redshift? Red shift' is a key concept for astronomers - the wavelength of the light is stretched, so the light is seen as being 'shifted' towards the red part of the spectrum. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/What_is_red_shift

How can you remember Red Shift? Think of Tail Lights. As the car moves away from you they are red.

Everything appears to be moving away. What would it mean if astronomers saw almost all red shifts when they look into the cosmos? Everything appears to be moving away.

Hubble’s Expanding Universe What did Hubble discover? Universe is really big Universe is expanding What similarities exist between Hubble and Galileo? video Gravity and Expanding universe https://utah.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.ess.eiu.expand/gravity-and-the-expanding-universe/#.WOuOCHeZOCQ Video https://utah.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nviu-sci-hubbleexpansion/hubble-and-the-expanding-universe/#.WOj0A_nyvIU

Big Bang https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/5-8/features/F_How_Big_is_Our_Universe.html

The Big Bang Theory Roughly 13.8 billion years ago, the universe was all together, extremely hot, dense, and compact. It suddenly began to RAPIDLY expand. At first, the universe was nearly entirely energy. E=mc²

The Big Bang Theory Cont. The first atoms were hydrogen with very small amounts of helium and lithium. All of the hydrogen in the universe was formed at the big bang. There were no heavy elements (atoms that have more protons in their nuclei) until stars formed. Eventually gravity began pulling materials together, forming stars, galaxies, planets and all types of objects.

What kind of evidence would you look for to prove the Big Bang explanation wrong? What kind of evidence would you look for to prove the Big Bang explanation right?

Evidence for the Big Bang #1 We see many red shifts in the universe, and very few blue shifts.

Evidence for the Big Bang #2 Scientists predicted that the energy from the big bang would still be found in the universe, but would have cooled significantly as the universe expanded. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the leftover energy accidentally. They found a fairly even level of energy scattered throughout the entire universe. It is leftover energy of the big bang and perfectly matches the predictions of other scientists. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

Evidence for the Big Bang #3 Hydrogen is by far the most common element in the universe. This is what we would expect because hydrogen was the element formed early after the Big Bang.