Reapportionment & Redistricting

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Presentation transcript:

Reapportionment & Redistricting

Constitution Senators Members of House of Representatives 6 years Selected by state legislatures 17th Amendment, 1913: Direct election Members of House of Representatives 2 years Directly elected by people

Reapportionment When the federal government reallocates seats among the states after the decennial census

Gains and losses due to 2000 reapportionment CA (+1) AZ (+2) CO (+1) FL (+2) GA (+2) NV (+1) TX (+2) Losses CT (-1) NY (-2) IL (-1) IN (-1) MI (-1) OH (-1) OK (-1) PA (-2) WI (-1)

Redistricting When states redraw congressional district boundaries after decennial census Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) Each district must have equal population

What criteria should states use in deciding where to draw district lines?

Simulation Each district must have three people. Men and women care about different political outcomes. Men will vote for men. Women will vote for women. How many women will be elected in the current plan? Try to maximize the number of women elected. In addition, flip flop wearers will only vote for flip flop wearers, and vice versa. How many flip flop wearers will be elected in the current plan. Flip-flop wearers have been the subject of discrimination. Try to get them as much representation as possible.

Conflicting Values Contiguity of boundaries (requirement) Equal population (requirement) Compactness Keeping together communities of interest Protecting interests of racial minorities Partisan gerrymandering Incumbent protection Maximizing competition