Survey Through the Kingdoms BEHAVIOR in animals and plants

Innate Behaviors Innate behaviors – instinct, inborn i.e. Behaviors that don’t have to be taught or learned… Ex. Spiders building a first web. Ex. Birds migrating (What is a benefit of migration???) Ex. Your reflexes Taxis: moving towards or away from a stimulus Kinesis: random movement in response to a stimulus

Innate Behaviors

Learned Behaviors Learned behavior – developed over time Classical Conditioning – mental connection to stimulus Ex. Pavlov’s dogs

Learned Behaviors 2. Operant Conditioning – learning to behave a certain way (with rewards/punishments) Ex. Trial and Error – learning with mistakes (mouse in maze)

Animal Behaviors

Learned Behaviors 3. Insight Learning: reasoning, prior knowledge applied to new situations

Learned Behaviors 3. Insight Learning: reasoning, prior knowledge applied to new situations

Other behaviors Habituation: ignoring of stimuli that neither harms nor rewards

Other Behaviors Estivation Hibernation Inactivity in order to avoid hot temperatures in summer Ex. Cane toads Hibernation Inactivity in order to avoid low temperatures in winter Ex. Bears

Other Behaviors Imprinting – attaches to first moving object and assumes object will be caretaker

Social Behaviors Social behaviors Courtship Competition Aggression (agonistic behavior – a display to look bigger, stronger and more threatening)

Animal Behavior Jane Goodall – observed chimps in natural habitat, revolutionized field of animal behavior

Activity 27: plant behaviors Look at the three plants. Does each appear to have gravitotropism, thigmotropism, or phototropism? Define each plant behavior.

Activity 28: animal behaviors An innate behavior is one that an organism is born with, and one that it does not have to learn. This can also include “fight-or-flight” behaviors, which are often controlled by hormone levels and chemicals within the body. Describe at least three examples of innate behaviors and describe how each benefits the organism involved. Provide an explanation, in at least two sentences, for how this “fight-or-flight” response may have evolved.