Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology Communities A community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time. Oasis
Ecological Succession Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology Ecological Succession ecological succession: is the gradual replacement of one community with another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors.
There are two types of ecological succession— primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession always occurs first!
Primary Succession: when a new substrate (rock), devoid of topsoil or vegetation, is deposited and colonized Begins with bare rock exposed by geological activity Pioneer species appear next
Pioneer species: species which colonize previously uncolonized land Ex. Lichen and grasses
Example: Forest Succession Rock →Grass →Shrubs →Open woods → Dense woods
Primary Succession Lava → Rock
Lichen or Grass
Grasses and Shrubs
Open Woods
Dense Woods → Stable Community
Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology A community that forms in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil is primary succession.
Animal succession always follows plant succession Example: Flora (vegetation): Grass → Shrubs → Woods
Fauna (animals): Pheasant → Grouse → Fox
Bog in Minnesota
Later Succession of Bog
Climax Community: The stable, mature community that results from little change in composition of species. What does Michigan’s climax community look like?
Secondary Succession: occurs after a community has been removed but the soil remains intact May occur at any point after primary succession
Usually occurs after man or nature has changed the community Example: farming, fire, flood, windstorm
Fire
New Growth After Fire
Gopher Tortoise