Mobilization on the Home Front EQ 2:How did the United States react to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Pearl Harbor, 1941 FDR put an embargo on Japan oil, iron ore, fuel, steel, and rubber by this time Japan was Germany’s ally Japan wanted to expand and wanted the US to stay neutral a decisive defeat would keep the US out of the war Japan was still pretending to carry out diplomatic talks in DC

Pearl Harbor, 1941 six aircraft carriers brought 360 planes to attack the naval base Americans suffered heavy losses 2500 killed, 8 battleships, 3 destroyers, 3 cruisers, 160 planes destroyed, 128 damaged the Arizona is still at the bottom of the harbor the US fleet was down for six months luckily the 3 aircraft carriers were not in the harbor

Pearl Harbor, 1941 “A day that will live in infamy” the US declared war on Japan and its allies Germany, Japan, and Italy declared war back the Doolittle Raid was sent in retaliation and to show we could reach Tokyo 16 planes destroyed 100 buildings and killed 50 people

Mobilizing for War Office of War Mobilization James F. Byrne made sure industry got the resources it needed unemployment disappeared US production was double that of all the other allied nations combined

Mobilizing for War Office of Price Administration Leon Henderson froze prices, wages, and rent kept inflation down rationed essential foodstuffs and resources like gas people were issued food stamps

Mobilizing for War War Productions Board, 1942 run by Donald M. Nelson (president of Sears-Roebuck), allocated resources for war effort shifted industry to wartime production FDR’s “arsenal of democracy” 2.6 million machine guns 40 billion bullets 86,000 tanks 76,000 ships (one in 4½ days) 300,000 aircraft Ford Motor – 8000 B-52 Liberators

Selective Service the US began the draft in 1940 all men 18 to 65 had to register more than 16 million served in the war 1,000,000 African Americans 350,000 women 300,000 Mexican-Americans 25,000 Native Americans

Office of War Information radio, print, and movies promoted the war and the purchase of war bonds Voice of America broadcasts spread news to foreign allies Why We Fight “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, and do without”

Essential Question 3: How did the war change America at home?