LED Lighting & Advanced Technology Grote 101 Module 8 LED Lighting & Advanced Technology

Lighting Technology In this module you will learn Basics of LED technology Process of modern lighting design How Grote technology extends LED life Grote LED Lighting product portfolio

Lighting Technology Past to Present

Evolution of Lighting 19th Century – Filaments in a Vacuum Incandescent Lamps 20th Century – Gas Discharge Fluorescent Lamps HID Lamps 21st Century – Solid State Lighting Light Emitting Diodes

What is a Light Emitting Diode (LED)?? A solid-state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy directly into visible light. When certain chemical elements are combined and electrical current passes through them, photons (light) and heat are produced. The heart of an LED is composed of combinations of these elements in a junction. The actual junction of the elements is called the “p-n junction” This is basically what we offer the world Both for LEDs but especially for Luxeon Lasts foreever- design the light source right into the fixture. Long life LEDs last up to 100,000 hours compared to 1000 for typical incandescents. Vivid Colors LEDs give pure saturated colors with up to 130% more color gamut compared to standard NTSC specifications. High reliability LEDs are solid state devices, no moving parts, no glass and no filaments to break. Energy efficient LEDs use up to 90% less energy Environmentally friendly LEDs contain no mercury. And since they last longer, there is less disposal waste in the environment. Increased safety LEDs turn on faster, providing quicker response in applications like automotive brake lights. Many consider Lumileds LEDs the “ultimate lamp” For many applications, there really is no downside to using LEDs

LED’s provide huge improvements in lamp life Lamp Lifetime LED’s provide huge improvements in lamp life Source: Cree

Lighting Technology “Whiter” light Each technology has moved closer to that of the Sun

Luminous Efficiency (lm/W) Light Output / Watt 50 100 150 200 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Year Luminous Efficiency (lm/W) Electrical Discharge Lamps Fluorescent Incandescents Tungsten-Halogen Conventional Incandescent Shaped Reflectors Metal Halide Mercury Vapor High-Pressure Sodium Power LED’s Best LED White LEDs LED Technology is approaching Gas Discharge

Light Efficiency A Gas Discharge Light Source is currently more efficient than an LED Light Source Gas Discharge Sources Emit Light in all Directions LED Sources Emit Light in one Direction The Result is an LED Lamp can be as Efficient as a Gas Discharge Lamp

System Efficiency 80% Utilization Efficiency Lighting efficiency 40 lm/W 40% Utilization Efficiency 80% Utilization Efficiency

LED Light Sources Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes Use Silicon, Gallium or other non-polymer materials Organic Light Emitting Diodes Use polymer materials Both technologies generate light through a diode junction, called a p-n junction When electrons pass through this junction, a photon of light is generated

Inorganic LED Technology Current Technology

LED MAKE-UP LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (L.E.D) T 1 3/4 STYLE SHOWN LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (L.E.D) CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH THE SEMI-CONDUCTOR COMPOUND AND LIGHT IS EMITTED NO EVAPORATION OF COMPONENTS EFFECTIVE LIGHT FOR 100,000 HOURS (red/amber) LIGHTING DEVICES USUALLY CONTAIN NUMEROUS L.E.D.’S

Inorganic LED Structure LED’s are fabricated onto an inorganic substrate. Various layers create the light emitting junction properties GaP Substrate ( ~ 200 µm) AuZn Contact Pad n-Al0.5In0.5P (LCL) (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P Active Layer VPE GaP Window ( ~ 50 µm) p-Al0.5In0.5P (UCL)

LED Technology AlInGaP Materials Technology InGaN Materials Technology (Red, Red-Orange, Amber) InGaN Materials Technology (Green, Blue, Cyan, White) Packaging Technology (light extraction, heat management, reliability) Source: LumiLED

LED Standard Colors InGaAlP InGaN Blue (470nm) Verde Green (505nm) True Green (528nm) Pure Green (560nm) Green (570nm) Yellow (590nm) Orange (605nm) Amber (615nm) Super Red (628nm) Hyper Red (645nm) White (.32, .31)

Generating White Light Red + Green + Blue LEDs Blue LED + Yellow Phosphor 470 525 590 630 (nm) Blue LED Spectrum Phosphor Emission Combined The two most common methods to produce white light with LEDs. Red Peak Blue Peak Green Peak 470 525 590 630 nm Dynamic color tuning Excellent color rendering Large color array Simple to create white Good color rendering

LED Flux per package has doubled every 18-24 months for 30+ Years!! LED Technology LED Flux per package has doubled every 18-24 months for 30+ Years!!

LED Components

Red/Amber LED Red and Amber Mature Technology Brighter LED’s

Blue LED + Yellow Phosphor White/Blue LED White and Blue White LED’s have Blue LED die at their heart Phosphor changes blue to white Blue LED + Yellow Phosphor 470 525 590 630 (nm) Blue LED Spectrum Phosphor Emission Combined

LED CAUSES OF FAILURE THE GROTE ADVANTAGE LED’s Negative Transients Heat Electronics Moisture Negative Transient Protection Patented potting system Male Pin Ultra Blue Seal

Reducing Lamp Failure Use the proper voltage Built in heat/voltage regulation Protect lamp from cracks from impact, shock and chemical attack Dielectric grease

LED EXPLOSION – Design & Mfg Protection – board, conformal coating, potting, thermal potting Potted designs Robust termination Common incandescent connections also Dedicated LED Assembly Process / Robotics Circuits boards

LED Lamp Design CAD - Computer Aided Design Paper replacement to full 3-D models

LED Lamp Design CAE – Computer Analysis and Engineering Thermal, Stress, Electrical and Optics

System Costs LED lamps are the most cost effective when lighting maintenance costs are taken into account over the life of the lamp The following slides show the cost benefits from several sources

LED Advantages vs. Conventional Lighting Fully dimmable Dynamic color changes and white point tuning is possible Robust, solid state, vibration proof No Mercury No heat in beam No UV in beam Directed light for increased system efficiency Vivid saturated colors without color filter efficiency losses Much longer life Reduced maintenance costs More energy efficient than incandescent and most Halogen lamps Compact source offers design flexibility and unobtrusive hidden light designs Small source sizes add to sparkling effect

LED vs Incandescent

LED vs Incandescent

LED Market/Application Adoption Cycle Curve Household Lighting INTRODUCTION GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE OBSOLESCENCE TIME Traffic Signals Flashlights Emergency Vehicle Lighting Warning Lights Transportation interior/exterior Dental Curing Medical Outdoor & Landscape Signage Architectural, Entertainment, Task and General Lighting Explosive Growth! Camera flash LCD Backlighting

Signal Lighting The Grote LED Portfolio Supernova Hi Count Commercial Fleet/OEM spec Hi Count Aesthetics Grote Select Value

White Light LED Portfolio Dome Lights Transition from fluorescent to LED Work Lamps From Buggies to Baja! Higher power requires more heat management care

Common Utility Beam Patterns Driving similar to spot pattern Fog similar to trap Off Road similar to wide flood

Tractor Plus Pattern Combined spot and flood pattern Developed for a tractor application Very popular pattern for utility work

Heat Management