Compiled by MF Dauzvardis Brain Impractical Uno Gross Brain Structures Compiled by MF Dauzvardis

Cerebellum Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar signs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly crenated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular

Pineal Secretes melatonin, seat of the soul, biological clock?, third eye in some fishes and amphibians.

Medulla Just rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked)

Pons “bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP

Midbrain Key features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV

Fourth ventricle Contains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luscka(lateral) and magendie(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius

Aqueduct of Silvius Connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain

3rd ventricle Filled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei

Tectum Consists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM

Medulla Just rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked)

Pons “bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP

Midbrain Key features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV

Cerebellum Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar sighs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly lobulated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular

4th ventricle Contains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luska(lateral) and magendi(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius

Aqueduct Connects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain

3rd ventricle Filled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei

Tectum Consists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM

Medulla

Pons

Midbrain, interpeducular fossa

Cerebellum

Temporal lobe

mammillary bodies

optic chiasm

Pia mater

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX, X, XI

Location of XII, between pyramid and olive

Blood vessels, MCA

Flocculus

Cerebellum (vermis)

Floor of 4th ventricle

Cerebellar peducles Superior (brachium conjunctivum), Middle (brachium pontis), Inferior (restiform body)

Superior and inferior colliculi Slo-aim--------superior colliculi, lat geniculate, optic stuff-------auditory stuff, inf colliculus,med geniculate,

Pineal

Thalami Major relay station for sensory information

Lateral geniculate for visual relay

Area of medial geniculate, relay for audition

Area of vestibular nuclei—remember inferior vestibular nucleus is “peppered”

Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus

Obex—opening of central canal into 4th ventricle

Cerebral peduncle—connects cerebrum to brainstem—mainly descending motor fibers. Rostrally it turns into the internal capsule

Brachium(arm) of the superior colliculus

Brachium of the inferior colliculus

3rd ventricle

Genu of corpus collosum

Anterior limb of internal capsule

Genu of internal capsule

Posterior limb of internal capsule

Splenium of corpus collosum

Visual cortex

Head of caudate

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Insula

Thalamus

Columns of fornix—hippocampus to mammilary bodies