Conducting a Literature Search and Writing a Literature Review Lisa Eblen, MLIS, AHIP Research Symposium Naval Hospital Pensacola September 2011

Why does a CID Research Proposal require a literature search and review? Define the background for the research project Present evidence that the work is original For animal research, demonstrate the requirement for using an animal model

Requirements for a Human Research Application Literature Search “demonstrate your literature search for currently published research that directly pertains to your proposal “ [background] “This is intended to be a thoughtful search. “ Literature Review “The committee is interested in your interpretation of the literature that you have reviewed. “

What is a Literature Search? a literature search is “a systematic and thorough search of all types of published literature in order to identify as many items as possible that are relevant to a particular topic” Gash S Effective Literature Searching for Students, Gower Publishing LTD, 1989, p.1. the literature search reveals gaps in existing knowledge identifies areas of consensus and debate identifies approaches to research design and methodology identifies other researchers in the field clarifies future directions for research

Why is a Comprehensive Literature Search Important? Sound research is based on a thorough literature search and literature review.

Steps in the Literature Search Define the research question Read background material Conduct a literature search Review the results Read the relevant articles Evaluate the studies Conduct additional literature searches

Searching the Literature Looking at the Numbers Over 6000 biomedical journals published More than 300 searchable databases available from commercial vendors National Library of Medicine anticipates indexing 723,000 articles in 2011 PubMed provides access to over 20 million citations in MEDLINE dating back to 1946 Also, The web now contains about 7 million unique sites. The public web---sites that offer content that is freely accessible by the general public ----constitutes about 40% of the total web Many times the information you are looking for is in the other 60 %

Where does Google fit in a literature search? Rarely scholarly Poor substitute for library reference databases Unstable Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com searches peer-reviewed papers, books, theses, etc. leads to fee-based online full-text websites

Journal Searching ~ beyond Google MEDLINE (complete MEDLINE indexes 6000 journals) PubMed, Ovid Online Ovid Online (Medline, PsycInfo) Evidence-Based Healthcare Database Cochrane Library (available at Ovid) EBSCOhost CINAHL - The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Mediated Literature Searches over 200 databases through Health Sciences Library’s Reference Services

Getting Started ~ Visit Telelibrary Toolkit on the Internet http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcp/Library/Pages/Telelibrary.aspx

PubMed’s LinkOut ~ Putting It Together Search PubMed with links to fulltext articles http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?myncbishare=navy&holdings=ustelelib Link to the Full-Text Resources from the Telelibrary Project MD Consult Ovid Online EBSCOhost Look for this icon on the Abstract display

Links the Telelibrary’s Collection with PubMed

Confused or overwhelmed? Ask a Librarian for expert literature search assistance document delivery service Instruction in literature searching

Additional Aspects to Consider Medical or Nursing Research expand the search to specialized databases Federal Research databases required by instruction: FEDRIP and more Check with CID or your Library

Key Databases in Medicine MEDLINE (PubMed or Ovid Online) Web of Science Mediated access only Biosis Mediated access only Embase Mediated access only PsycInfo (Ovid Online)

Key Databases in Nursing CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) EBSCOhost MEDLINE (PubMed or Ovid Online) Web of Science and Social Science Mediated access only ERIC - Education Resources Information Center eric.ed.gov Dissertation Abstracts Mediated access only PsycInfo (Ovid Online)

Key Databases for Federal Research BRD DoD Biomedical Research Database http://www.dtic.mil/biosys/org/brd/ FEDRIP Federal Research in Progress Mediated access only DTIC Online access controlled Technical Reports, Research in Progress https://www.dtic.mil RePORTER Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools http://projectreporter.nih.gov/

Read the Pertinent Literature Remember Online full-text articles are limited Libraries are still the best source of full-text books and journal articles Obtain in full-text the documents you need to read for your research Thoroughly read all papers you plan to use in your reference list After reviewing the citations and selecting documents to read, finding the full-text of the documents is the next step.

When is a Literature Search Done? McLellan F, 1966 and all that-when is a literature search done? Lancet. 2001 Aug 25;358(9282):646.

Requirements for a Literature Review for Research on Human Subjects NMCP Human Research Application Summary of the Search [Literature Review] “The committee is interested in your interpretation of the literature that you have reviewed. “

What is a Literature Review? Critique and summary of current knowledge about a research topic Examination of studies already completed on the question The literature review states What is known and what remains to be learned How the present study will contribute to existing knowledge What methods have been identified to conduct experiments or studies

Keeping up with new developments and managing citations and documents Research projects take time. Plan periodic updates of your original bibliographic research to stay abreast of developments. RSS Feeds My NCBI Document and update any Internet resources

Questions? Searching is a skill, finding documents is often difficult, the best research is a done collaboratively Don’t hesitate to seek assistance Ask a Librarian – we are your resource library while your command is recruiting a librarian. Call 757-953-5384 Send a message to NMCP- LibraryServices@med.navy.mil

Online Resources Available Worldwide Ovid – http://gateway.ovid.com IP access or Password Your Journals@Ovid – Full text articles from 398 journals Books@Ovid – Full text books Medline ~ with Full Text PsycInfo ~ with Full Text Evidence Based Healthcare Databases ~ with Full Text includes Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews EBSCO -- http://search.ebscohost.com IP access or Password CINAHL is an index to nursing and allied health literature linked to the full-text of over 600 journal titles. CINAHL complements the indexing of PubMed and is essential resource for nursing research. Health Business Elite and Health Policy Reference Center index the literature of health care administration and are linked to the full-text of almost 400 journal titles. Health Business Elite is the only online source that provides the online full-text of Harvard Business Review. LexiComp -- http://online.lexi.com  IP access or Password Medical Dentistry Oral Surgery

Online Resources Available Worldwide cont. MD Consult http://www.mdconsult.com IP access or Password Staf!Ref http://online.statref.com These resources are available at Navy Medicine Online and soon via Athens. JCAHO Comprehensive Accreditation Manual https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select Telelibrary from the dropdown menu, select the Search Library Databases icon, select JCAHO Comprehensive Accreditation Manual from the table of contents. New England Journal of Medicine https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select New England Journal of Medicine from the dropdown menu. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select Telelibrary from the dropdown menu, select the Search Library Databases icon, select Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database from the table of contents.

Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Requesting articles from a PubMed search use LoansomeDoc from the National Library of Medicine http://docline.gov/loansome/login.cfm Go to Loansome Doc at https://docline.gov/loansome/login.cfm or choose "Order" from the "Send to" box in PubMed. Sign up for a Loansome Doc account. To find our library, choose Virginia from the drop-down menu and uncheck "Show only libraries that serve the general public." You will find us on the second page of Virginia libraries as "U S Naval Medical Center". Click on "Contact" at the left. On the next screen enter the Authorization Code, VAUNRP and mark "I am affiliated with this institution (e.g., Staff, Student).“ Follow the next screens to complete the registration. Use your @med.navy.mil e-mail address to make it easier for us to identify you as an affiliated Navy health professional. If you are already in PubMed, complete the steps to order the article(s). If you have registered for Loansome Doc separately from a specific order, you can place an order through PubMed or at the Loansome Doc at any time using your Loansome Doc login. Most orders will be sent directly to you from the lending library. Library Services, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth will fill the requests we can from our collection, order the articles we do not have on interlibrary loan or direct you to access the article(s) online where they are available. Articles from other resources Send complete citation(s) to NMCP-LibraryServices@med.navy.mil

Coming Soon Athens is a single sign on portal that will allow Navy Medicine Health Professional s access to the full text resources provided Navy wide. when Athens is released for use, there will be a self registration page that you will start with, once you confirm your sign up, you will go to https://auth.athensams.net/my/

Athens Homepage

Athens Resources Page

Coming in FY12 These tools will be available through the Athens portal in Fiscal Year 2012 A to Z list Link Resolver Federated Search

Questions? Ask a Librarian – we are your resource library while your command is recruiting a librarian. Call 757-953-5384 Send a message to NMCP-LibraryServices@med.navy.mil