What is Earth Science? Chapter 1.1 Earth Science is the study of a group of sciences Geology- study of rocks and minerals Oceanography- study of ocean, seafloor, seawater Meteorology- study of climate and weather Astronomy- study of space “logy” means the study of

Formation of the Earth Nebular Hypothesis the solar system formed from enormous rotating cloud made of mostly hydrogen and helium gas

Review What sciences are included in the study of earth science? Geology (correct) b. Oceanography c. Astrology (incorrect) d. Meteorology What theory describes how the solar system formed? nebular theory

1.2 A View of Earth What are earth’s major spheres? Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere Biosphere Geosphere

How is the Solid Earth (Geosphere) Layered? Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Where is life located? crust

Place each of the following in its correct sphere Place each of the following in its correct sphere. (biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) a. Sedimentary rock Geosphere b. Whale Biosphere c. Humans d. Stream Hydrosphere e. Oxygen Atmosphere f. Ponds g. Magma

h. Glaciers Hydrosphere i. Bacteria Biosphere j. Ozone Atmospshere k. Soil Geosphere l. Volcano m. Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere

Representing Earth’s Surface p. 11 Determining Location Chapter 1.3 Representing Earth’s Surface p. 11 Determining Location

How Do We Locate Things on Earth? North - never” West- “waffles” East-”eat” South- “soggy” Never Eat Soggy Waffles

We use latitude and longitude on the global grid to find a location! Latitude- distance north and south of the equator Longitude- distance east and west of the Prime Meridian (at Greenwich, England) Lines of longitude Lines of latitude

Also called “Parallels” Also called “Meridians” The Global Grid Also called “Parallels” Also called “Meridians”

Review What two lines are used on globes and some maps to find a specific location? Answer- latitude and longitude 2. What two lines mark zero degrees on the globe? Answer- Equator and Prime Meridian

Maps. Maps, and More Maps! Each map is designed for a special use Examples: Geological map Political map Road map Topographic Map

Population Map

Road Map scale Scale- Distance on map equals how much distance on ground

Road Maps Write down in your binder: Four things you might find on a road map. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. What is a map scale?

Road Maps Write down in your binder: Four things you might find on a road map. 1. Interstates and state highways 2. Points of interest, like a park 3. Cities 4. Scale What does a map scale of 1:24,000? 1 unit on the map is equal 24,000 units on the ground

Find the latitude and longitude of points a, b, c, d Let’s Practice- Find the latitude and longitude of points a, b, c, d North b West East d a c South

a 20° S 120 ° W b 60 ° N 40 ° W c 60 ° S 20 ° E d 20 ° S 20 ° W b d a

Representing Earth’s Surface Chapter 1.3 Topographic Maps p.14

Topographic Map Contour lines- Connect lines of equal elevation What is the contour interval? “distance between contour lines” Answer 10 feet 2. What is located at A and B? Answer hills B A

1.5 What is Scientific Inquiry? Vocabulary Words Write these down: Theory Hypothesis Observation

Theory vs. Hypothesis An educated guess or explanation of why things happened the way they did. This is called a hypothesis. When hypothesis survives extensive testing and is accepted by the scientists it is called a theory.

Steps of the Scientific Method 1. ask a question 2 Steps of the Scientific Method 1. ask a question 2. develop Hypothesis 3. design experiment 4. collect data 5. analyze data 6. summarize data 7. state a conclusion 8. accept or decline hypothesis