Alleviation of osteoarthritis by calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) isolated from Astragali radix (AR) in rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model S.I. Choi,

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Alleviation of osteoarthritis by calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) isolated from Astragali radix (AR) in rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model S.I. Choi, Ph.D., T.R. Heo, Ph.D., B.-H. Min, M.D., Ph.D., J.H. Cui, M.D., B.H. Choi, Ph.D., S.R. Park, M.D., Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 1086-1092 (September 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Structure of CG isolated from AR. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1086-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Macroscopic analysis of the cartilage from rabbit knees with OA-like lesion at 4 weeks. (A) Normal, (B) 0.5% DMSO saline (200μl), (C) piroxicam (100μM), and (D) CG (100μg/500μl) treated group, respectively. The arrow indicates cartilage defect in 0.5% DMSO saline-treated group. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1086-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Protective effects of CG against cartilage degradation in the OA-like rabbit knees. (A) Representative sections of articular cartilage from femoral condyle after 4 weeks of treatment period. Safranin-O staining was performed using the knee tissue sections from normal rabbits and OA-like rabbits treated with 0.5% DMSO saline, piroxicam (100μM), and CG (100μg), respectively, after 4 weeks of administration. The loss of safranin-O staining in the radial zone was significantly reduced in the CG-treated group compared to the control group (×100). (B) The histological evaluation scores for the articular cartilage using the Mankin's scoring system. The statistical difference between all experimental groups was evaluated (n=6/group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1086-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Changes in the synovial fluid volume. The synovial fluid aspirated from the rabbits right after the ACLMT was used as the normal control. The fluid aspirates were isolated after free-range exercise following the ACLMT for 2 and 4 weeks from the OA-like affected joints in the CG, piroxicam, and 0.5% DMSO saline groups (n=6/group). Values are shown as mean±SD. The statistical difference was evaluated between the 0.5% DMSO saline group and the treated groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1086-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Changes in total protein, GAG and PGE2 contents in the synovial fluid. The amount of (A) total proteins, (B) GAG, and (C) PGE2 was shown in the synovial fluid before and after induction of OA-like lesion, and after treatment with 200μl 0.5% DMSO saline, 100μM piroxicam and 500μl CG (100μg), respectively (n=6/group). Values are shown as mean±SD. The statistical difference was evaluated between the 0.5% DMSO saline group and the treated groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1086-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions