Power of the MA Church Goals Understand the role/rise of the Papacy in the middle ages Understand how the Church and government became joined together at this time, and Understand the key disagreements between the church and state in Medieval Europe

Cliff Notes Version Leo I – Petrine Supremacy (451) Gregory the Great – Papal States (590-604) Donation of Constantine (750 to 850 – um?) Gregory VII – Lay investiture (1075-1122) Boniface VIII – Unam Scantum (1302)

What is Petrine Supremacy, how does it change the church’s role?

Question #1

Petrine Supremacy What is the 1st portion of the Petrine Doctrine, according to Leo I, stating? What does the second portion of the document state? What is the most important line in the document? In other words what part of the document tells you that the Church is going through a massive change and power struggle?

Question #2

Donation of Constantine Why does it matter? Why does anyone care? What are the problems with this document? Who looked up the author? This is perhaps the most famous forgery in history. For centuries, until Lorenzo Valla proved it was forgery during the Renaissance it provided the basis for papal territorial and jurisdictional claims in Italy. Probably at least a first draft of it was made shortly after the middle of the eighth century in order to assist Pope Stephen II in his negotiations with the Frankish Mayor of the Palace, Pepin the Short. The Pope crossed the Alps to anoint the latter as king in 754, thereby enabling, the Carolingian family, to which Pepin belonged, to supplant the old Merovingian royal line which had become decadent and powerless and to become in law as well as in fact rulers of the Franks. In return, Pepin seems to have promised to give to the Pope those lands in Italy which the Lombards had taken from Byzantium. The promise was fulfilled in 756. Constantine's alleged gift made it possible to interpret Pepin's grant not as a benefaction but as a restoration.(Fordham University – Medieval Sourcebook)

Question #3

Gregory the Great Who was Pope Gregory the Great and what contributions did he make to the Papacy?

Middle Ages Renaissance Discuss (& take notes on your discussion) in your table groups how/why you think the Middle Ages end & the Renaissance begins, consider the following things… Vikings Magna Carta & Parliament 100 Years War Role of the church (including Avignon–“Great” Schism) The Black Death Write an INDIVIDUAL thesis’ish statement based on your discussion -Vikings raid Europe, which eventually leads to Feudalism because the Vikings are paid off and given land for their support (military) and conversion to Christianity -William of Normandy (William the conqueror) leads to King Henry II and common law which in turn leads to King John (the lame) losing the Duchy of Normandy and is forced to sign the Magna Carta to appease his lords and Vassals creating strength in fiefs -Parliament is then instilled because King Edward (Longshanks, Brave Heart) needs taxes to continue to fight wars and in the spirit of the Magna Carta looks to a body of people to pass laws requiring more taxes solidifying the connection between the Kings and his lords -The strength of the government and the ability to grow more food leads to a population increase, but does eventually does not have enough food to support the influx in people leading to a famine weakening the overall health of the population making people susceptible to diseases brought back from trading in the East killing massive amount of the population, forcing people to develop technology inspiring new growth and thoughts in science, and the arts

Decline in Church What were the problems/corruption in the church ? How did the Cluniac Reform Movement combat those problems?

Question #4

What did Pope Gregory VII want for the church? Why are these wants problematic for the Kings?

Gregory VII Explain the Investiture Controversy. What is excommunication? How did Gregory VII bind up King Henry IV? What was the Concordat of Worms? What does the church get out of the reforms, specifically the Pope?

Question #5

Boniface VIII – Unam Sanctam What is the deal with the swords? If you had to draw a picture of the metaphor what would it look like? Why did Boniface feel the need to write this?

The final nail in the coffin of the Middle Ages Black Death Goals Discuss background, causes and reaction to the plagues in the middle ages Understand how the plague connects the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Read the article on your desk Just read it – no need to do the notes on the back What is new information you learned about the Plague? How does this connect with the information in the textbook? What is the most surprising information to you regarding this topic?

Black Death (the final nail in the coffin) What is the Great Famine of 1315-1317?

Black Death (the final nail in the coffin) The Black Death – what is it?

Black Death - Details How does Spielvogel state the plague came to Europe? How fast did the plague spread throughout Europe once it started to spread?

Black Death – Impact on Life How did people live during the plague, what example does Spielvogel use to explain this?

Black Death – Impact on Life Explain Flagellants How did people react to the Flagellants?

Black Death – Impact on Life What did people believe caused the plagues? What came about because of these accusations?

Impact of Plague Spielvogel, on pg. 301 states, “The Black Death of the mid-14th century was the most devastating natural disaster in European history, ravaging Europe’s population and causing economic, social, political and cultural upheaval.” What evidence could you give to prove this statement?

Read the article on your desk Just read it – no need to do the notes on the back What is new information you learned about the Plague? How does this connect with the information in the textbook? What is the most surprising information to you regarding this topic?

Middle Ages Renaissance Discuss (& take notes on your discussion) in your table groups how/why you think the Middle Ages end & the Renaissance begins, consider the following things… Vikings Magna Carta & Parliament 100 Years War Role of the church (including Avignon–“Great” Schism) The Black Death Write an INDIVIDUAL thesis’ish statement based on your discussion -Vikings raid Europe, which eventually leads to Feudalism because the Vikings are paid off and given land for their support (military) and conversion to Christianity -William of Normandy (William the conqueror) leads to King Henry II and common law which in turn leads to King John (the lame) losing the Duchy of Normandy and is forced to sign the Magna Carta to appease his lords and Vassals creating strength in fiefs -Parliament is then instilled because King Edward (Longshanks, Brave Heart) needs taxes to continue to fight wars and in the spirit of the Magna Carta looks to a body of people to pass laws requiring more taxes solidifying the connection between the Kings and his lords -The strength of the government and the ability to grow more food leads to a population increase, but does eventually does not have enough food to support the influx in people leading to a famine weakening the overall health of the population making people susceptible to diseases brought back from trading in the East killing massive amount of the population, forcing people to develop technology inspiring new growth and thoughts in science, and the arts