Papal reform movement, starting mid-11th c.

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Presentation transcript:

Papal reform movement, starting mid-11th c. 1046 Emperor Henry III (r. 1039-56) takes control of papacy 1049-54 Pontificate of Leo IX clerical marriage simony cardinals 1054 Schism between Roman and Greek Orthodox Churches

Investiture Conflict/Papal Revolution Dispute over lay investiture of bishops 1059 Church council at Rome entrusts election of popes to cardinals. Nicholas II (p. 1059- 61) makes alliance with Normans 1056-1106 Reign of Henry IV as German emperor

1073 Cardinal Hildebrand becomes Pope Gregory VII (p. 1073-86) Feb 1075 Gregory issues decree against lay investiture and Dictatus Papae. Conflict with Henry IV follows Feb 1076 Gregory excommunicates Henry

Jan 1077 Henry successfully begs pope for absolution at Canossa. German civil war follows Diet of Augsburg

1080 Gregory supports Rudolph in German civil war, but Henry defeats and kills Rudolph 1084 Henry occupies Rome, has self crowned emperor by anti-pope. Gregory takes refuge in Castel Sant’Angelo, appeals to Normans

1084 Normans come to aid of pope. Germans withdraw from Rome. Normans loot Rome then withdraw, taking Gregory with them. He dies soon after in 1086. 1088-99 Pontificate of Urban II, who re-asserts Gregory’s points 1107 First compromise reached with English king. Compromise with France follows 1106-25 Reign of Henry V as German emperor

1099-1118 Pontificate of Paschal II 1106-25 Reign of Henry V as German emperor 1111 Henry occupies Rome, but no permanent solution reached 1122 Henry and Calixtus II (p. 1119-24) agree Concordat of Worms papal legates

Cathedral Canons, incl. Dean, Chancellor, Treasurer, Precentor Pope Cardinals Archbishops/Bishops Cathedral Canons, incl. Dean, Chancellor, Treasurer, Precentor Archdeacons (usually 4 archdeaconries/diocese) Rural Deans Village Priests + Minor Orders