The 100 Years War and Joan of Arc

100 Year Brainstorm Describe a disagreement Describe a rivalry What is the difference between a rivalry and a disagreement

The 100 Years War The 100 Years war A 116 year war of succession (1337-1453) between England and France fought on French soil Victory passed back and forth between the two countries until the French ultimately drove the British out in 1453. The end of the 100 Years War is considered by some historians as the end of the Middle Ages

Causes of the 100 Years War 1: A Struggle for National Identity 2: Controversy Over Succession 1407: France is in pieces as Civil War breaks out in between two lines of royal family: Armagnacs Burgundians Because of French Civil War, France was NOT a united country. The weak French king only controlled about half his country. Because of many marriages between English royalty and French royalty, English king claims he is heir to throne of France

The ‘dagger’ pointing at the ‘heart’ of England! Causes of the 100 Years War French Land Belonging to British Kings 4. Conflict Over Flanders A long standing issue: lands within France’s borders belonged to English kings. King of England is actually a vassal of the King of France. He holds large French territories as fiefs. Major wool industry. Flanders, a small area of France wants its independence from French control. Asks England for help. The ‘dagger’ pointing at the ‘heart’ of England!

The War Military Characteristics French Advantages The 100 Years War was a series of short raids and expeditions with a few major battles, marked off by ineffective truces and treaties. The relative strengths of each country dictated the sporadic nature of the struggle. Population of about 16,000,000. Far richer and more populous than England. At one point, the French fielded an army of over 50,000. At most, Britain only had 32,000.

The War British Advantages The longbow Weapons Technologies Yes, in almost every skirmish the English were outnumbered, however… The Brits had a game plan: Avoid pitched battles. Engage in quick, profitable raids Steal what you can. Destroy everything else. Capture enemy knights to hold for ransom.

Early English Victories

King Henry V of England begins systematic campaign to capture French town by town

Height of English Dominance

The War The French “Reconquest” In 1420 the French signed a treaty stating that British King Henry V would inherit the French crown after the death of French King Charles VI Military and political power seemed firmly in British hands, the French had lost hope. Then in 1429, with the aid of the mysterious Joan of Arc, the French king, Charles VII, was able to fight of the English siege of Orleans.

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412-1432) The daughter of French peasants from an area of that has suffered under the English. Like many medieval mystics, she reported regular visions of God. Her “voices” told her to go to the king and assist him in driving out the English. After much scrutiny Joan is provided with an Army

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412-1432) On May 7th 1429 Joan led the French army into battle against an English fort that blocked the road to Orleans It was a hard fought battle but the French were victorious thanks to Joan’s bravery After the victory Joan persuaded Charles VII to follow her to Reims, where he was crowned king on July 27, 1429

Joan’s first military victory is the strategic and symbolic city of Orleans, France

Joan Announces the Capture of Orleans to the King

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412-1432) During attack on Paris, she is captured by allies of the English and turned over to the church. She was charged with 3 offences: Immodesty - “unnatural dress” as a man Her claim to divine guidance, disagreeing with church of England She claimed the saints spoke French and not English At the age of 19, after turning the tides to a French victory, Joan was found guilty and burned at the stake.

The War The End of the War Impact of the War By 1450, England had lost all their major French lands. In 1453, French armies captured an English-held fortress. This was the last battle of the 100 Years War. No treaty was ever signed skirmishes just stopped. Gave both countries a feeling of nationalism The King was now viewed as a national leader

France Becomes Unified! France in 1453 France in 1337

Home Work Create an ID map for Joan of Arc Include 10 personal characteristics or facts about her life