Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 11 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College

Key Concepts Types of hazards people face Methods of toxicology Types and measurement of chemical hazards Types and effects of biological hazards Risk estimation, management, and reduction

Risk and Probability Risk Probability Risk assessment Risk management Fig. 11-2 p. 229 Risk Probability Risk assessment Risk management

Hazards Cultural hazards Chemical hazards Physical hazards Fig. 11-1 p. 228 Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards

Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism Fig. 11-4 p. 231 Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Fig. 11-3 p. 230 Biomagnification Synergism Response Acute effect Chronic effect

Poisons Poison LD50 Median lethal dose See Table 11-1 p. 232 Fig. 11-5 p. 231 Poison LD50 Median lethal dose See Table 11-1 p. 232

Dose-Response Curves Dose-response Nonthreshold Threshold Fig. 11-6 p. 233

Chemical Hazards Hazardous chemicals Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens Neurotoxins Hormonally active agents Precautionary principle

Biological Hazards: Diseases Nontransmissible disease Transmissible disease Fig. 11-14 p. 243 Pathogens Vectors Antibiotic resistance Malaria AIDS See Case Study p. 241

Risk Analysis Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis Fig. 11-17 p. 247 Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis Cost-benefit analysis Risk management Risk perception