MUH Music History I “Polyphony to 1300”

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MUH 3211 - Music History I “Polyphony to 1300” 12/1/2018 Chapter 2 “Polyphony to 1300” DAY 8 (22 Sep 17)

Polyphony Defined? Two (or more) lines [voices] combined Origins? – possibly improvised Notated – earliest in mid-9th century Based on plainchant “Organum” (generic term for most early polyphony)

Musica enchiriadis “music handbook” (c. mid-late 800s) Literally, “how to make music” Organum - parallel voices at the 4th and/or 5th Vox principalis (given) = chant Vox organalis (improvised [usually] below) Can be doubled at octave (4 voices total) Ex. parallel organum and more parallel organum Also see textbook examples

Musica Enchiradis (excerpt) Beginnings of independent lines Ex. Two-part organum

Later developments “Perfect” intervals - unison, octave, 4th, 5th Independent lines - John [Cotton], 12th C - contrary motion Florid/melismatic Organum - faster upper line / held chant Abbey of St. Martial Anthology I/10 - Ex. Codex Calixtinus "Cunctipotens genitor Deus" Codex Calixtinus (c. 1140?)

Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris) Notre Dame Organum New Building - begun in 1163 Magnus Liber Organi (not an actual book) (3 primary sources) Extensive repertoire of polyphonic mass pieces - 2vv = Léonin - 3vv & 4 vv = Perotin Described by Anonymous IV Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris)

Notre Dame (Paris) Nave MUH 3211 - Music History I Notre Dame (Paris) Nave 12/1/2018 DAY 8 (22 Sep 17)