Orbits…the celestial paths of planets

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 27.2 Models of the solar system
Advertisements

Physics 202: Introduction to Astronomy – Lecture 4 Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research.
Planets Along the Ecliptic. Retrograde Motion Retrograde Motion Explained.
Feb. 2, 2011 NEWS: Exoplanets from Kepler.
Newton’s Laws of Motion and Planetary Orbits Gravity makes the solar system go round.
Geocentric Model Earth is center of our Solar System
Tycho, Kepler and Newton Great Astronomers. Tycho Brahe - An Observer Tycho Brahe was a prominent scholar and aristocrat in Denmark in the mid- late 1500's.
CHAPTER 2: Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets.
Sect. 13.3: Kepler’s Laws & Planetary Motion. German astronomer (1571 – 1630) Spent most of his career tediously analyzing huge amounts of observational.
Circular Motion; Gravitation
Opening for today… Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Objective: Students will explain planetary motion using gravitational laws.
History of Astronomy - Part II
Chapter 3: Motion of Astronomical Bodies. A bit more on the Celestial Sphere and motions This works OK if we only consider the stars. What happens when.
Planetary Motion It’s what really makes the world go around.
Kepler’s three laws Kepler’s three laws explain how planets orbit around the sun. These laws are common to any body orbiting around a massive body.
More on Kepler’s Laws. Can be shown that this also applies to an elliptical orbit with replacement of r with a, where a is the semimajor axis. K s is.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Astronomy: A Beginner’s Guide to the Universe Seventh Edition © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 Lecture The Copernican.
A Brief History of Classical Physics (Natural Philosophy)
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Bormann Honors Science - 8.
EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 27 Planets of the Solar System 27.2 Models of the Solar System.
PHY134 Introductory Astronomy Galileo – and Newton!! 1.
Historical Models of our Solar System Miss Scillieri 6 th Grade.
17-1 Physics I Class 17 Newton’s Theory of Gravitation.
Ch 22 Astronomy. Ancient Greeks 22.1 Early Astronomy  Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation.
Gravity and Orbits   Newton’s Law of Gravitation   The attractive force of gravity between two particles   G = 6.67 x Nm 2 /kg 2 Why is this.
Kepler’s Laws What they tell us, and where they come from.
Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion Newton’s law of universal gravitation Free fall acceleration on surface of a planet Satellite motion Lecture 13: Universal.
PHYS 2010 Nathalie Hoffmann University of Utah
Circular Motion Chapter 9.
Kepler’s Laws & Planetary Motion
Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution. The planets’ motions Wanderers among the stars Retrograde motion.
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION Objective: I will summarize Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion. 11/10/15.
Modern Day Astronomers (sort of) The New Guys. The Astronomers Copernicus Galileo Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Sir Isaac Newton.
Historical Models of our Solar System and Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion.
Copernicus’s Model  Many scientists believed our Earth was the center of the solar system, this theory is called geocentric  Copernicus first proposed.
EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 27 Planets of the Solar System 27.2 Models of the Solar System.
Ancient Greeks Early Astronomy  Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies.
1.1.1c.  Through observations, Newton realized that any two bodies attract each other with a force that depends on their masses and the distance between.
Gravitation Chapter 7. Kepler’s Laws  In the 1600s Johannes Kepler proposed three laws of planetary motion based on observational data. The laws are:
History of Astronomy - Part II
Warmup Why is “space” called “space”? How did our solar system form?
Earth Basics Something To Model Planets And the Night Sky Johannes
Chapter 10: Projectile and Satellite Motion
Orbital Geometry.
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
Chapter 8: Newton’s law of universal gravitation
Formation of the Solar System
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd edition
Kepler’s 3 Laws of planetary motion
Origin of Modern Astronomy
Chapter 1 Orion.
Newton’s Law of Gravity
Science Starter Answer the following in your notebook: 1. When is the Earth closest to the Sun? 2. Does the speed of the Earth’s revolution change? 3.
Sect. 6-5: Kepler’s Laws & Newton’s Synthesis
Models of the Solar System
Kepler’s Laws.
Do Now We will be starting with a Kepler’s Law Review today
Physics of the Solar System
Chapter 3 Analyzing Scales and Motions of the Universe
Kepler’s Laws & Planetary Motion
Lesson 2 Models of the Universe
Aim: How do we compute Eccentricity?
Chapter 1 Kepler’s Laws Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 2.
Week 5 Wed. Orbits and Gravity OpenStax Astronomy Ch. 3
Planetary Motion.
Early Ideas.
Gravitational Fields, Circular Orbits and Kepler’s Laws
History of Astronomy - Part II
Kepler’s Laws.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
Presentation transcript:

Orbits…the celestial paths of planets

But first, things for you to read on your own Difference between mean solar time and apparent solar time Time zones (central standard time, mountain standard time, etc). Be sure and read material on eclipses, fill out presentation in class

What is shown in this egg-shaped figure? The science of orbits…what are the properties of the paths followed by the planets around the Sun? What is shown in this egg-shaped figure?

What is shown in this egg-shaped figure? The science of orbits…what are the properties of the paths followed by the planets around the Sun? What is shown in this egg-shaped figure?

Galileo Galilei

Kepler was a contemporary of Galileo Laws of orbits which are still used today were stated by Johannes Kepler in about 1600 Kepler was a contemporary of Galileo Properties of orbits were expressed in terms of Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motion (3 of ‘em)

Kepler’s 1st Law: orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus Remember your high school math: ellipses are plane figures….agrees with observed fact that orbits lie in a plane

definition (one of) of an ellipse

Kepler’s 1st Law of Planetary Motion

Definitions of particular importance Major axis (like the diameter of a circle) Semimajor axis (like the radius of a circle) Eccentricity (how elliptical or non-circular the ellipse is). Eccentricity can vary from 0 to 0.9999999…..

Kepler’s 2nd Law: a line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals

Kepler’s 2nd Law of Planetary Motion (the equal area law)

Kepler’s 3rd Law: the harmonic law Kepler’s 3rd Law: the harmonic law. The semimajor axis of an orbit, and the orbital period are not independent. They are related by a simple equation. A3=P2

Planetary data (I love tables with data)

Applications of Kepler’s Laws: variations in the opposition of Mars

Another application of Kepler’s 1st Law: the orbit of the Earth’s Moon. Explains difference between total and annular solar eclipses

Another important fact in eclipses: Moon’s orbit inclined by 5 degrees with respect to ecliptic

Gravity and Orbits…how and why the planets move the way they do

Isaac Newton…beginning of modern physics Newton’s laws of motions: the foundation of physics and the start for our understanding of orbits

The net force is what moves things

Centripetal acceleration and central force

The gravitational force from spherical object

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.