Pendulum Lab This is a formal lab report. It counts as your Work Sample for science this year. Therefore, this should be your best quality work. Every paper that you turn in will be graded as ½ Summative. You may use APP to finish sections that we complete each day in class. If you are absent for one of the days, please see me for a make-up assignment.

Read the Pendulum Lab BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read the Pendulum Lab BACKGROUND INFORMATION. COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE in Paragraph 1 by filling in the missing information.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B36Lr0Unp4 (Giant Rope Swing)

(How Pendulum Clocks Work) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RgvXGPfTg8 (How Pendulum Clocks Work)

(Foucault’s Pendulum Demo) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8rrWUUlZ_U (Foucault’s Pendulum Demo) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulum

GROUP BRAINSTORMING For the following activities, you need to talk as a group and have 1 person write your group’s answers on a whiteboard.

What was different about the different pendulums? IV = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=behIVwZVSf0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx9aUTRjvlk#t=26 – slow mo’ (Pendulum Bowling Balls) What was different about the different pendulums? IV = What is changing because of that? DV = What was the same about all the pendulums? CV =

Variable Brainstorming Divide your whiteboard into 2 columns. Label them IV and DV. What things could change the swing of a pendulum? Make a list of variables that you could CHANGE or TEST. (independent variable) What is something you can measure/observe/collect data about your pendulum? Hint: What might change because of the independent variables? (dependent variable) IV DV

Question Format How does the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE affect the DEPENDENT VARIABLE? Example: How does the amount of studying (IV) affect the grade that I get on my science test (DV)?

Hypothesis Format Create an “if… then… because…” statement If the IV increases/decreases, then the DV will increase/decrease because… Your hypothesis must be TESTABLE Example: If I study for 3 hours (IV) then my grade will go up 10% (DV) because I will know more information than if I don’t study.

PROCEDURES – What exactly are they? The procedures for a lab or experiment are like a “recipe” for how to properly do the steps involved. Procedures should be written so specifically that anyone could understand them and would perform the steps exactly the same way. The steps should be listed in order from start to finish. Write a numbered list.

PROCEDURES – Partner Talk You perform certain procedures everyday as part of your daily routine. For example, you could tie your shoe or make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich without having to think about what you are doing. But before you knew how to do these, you had to have someone explain how to do each step. TURN TO YOUR ELBOW PARTNER and pretend that you are explaining how to TIE YOUR SHOE or MAKE A PB&J for the first time. Be specific!

Mini Lab Swings per minute Period (time/swings) Set up: Measure 110 cm string length. Use clip to attach the bob to the string. Attach string to the meterstick so that the total string length is 100 cm. Measure 30 and 45 degree angles to be sure you can properly use a protractor. Calculate the swings/minute (count swings for 30 seconds and multiply by 2). CLEAN UP. Angle 30 45

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What angle are you going to use? What length are you going to use? What mass are you going to use? (2 oz bob or # of washers) By what amount are you going to change your Independent Variable? What exactly will you measure? (dependent variable) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

SUGGESTIONS FOR PROCEDURES PLANNING: Angle – 30 or 45, always less than 90 String length – 70-100 cm, no less than 30cm If your IV is string length: start with the LONGEST length and cut it shorter as you go Mass – Use 2 oz bob or (if mass is your IV) use washers Make sure you have a LARGE RANGE for your Independent Variable

1. Put together your pendulum 2. Measure the angle What angle are you going to use? What length are you going to use? What mass are you going to use? (2 oz bob or # of washers) By what amount are you going to change your Independent Variable? What exactly will you measure? (dependent variable) 1. Put together your pendulum 2. Measure the angle 3. Time for 30 sec and count swings 4. Record data 5. Repeat 6. Change your IV and repeat again

Procedures Written as a numbered list (not a paragraph) & steps listed in a logical and sequential order Mostly detailed and descriptive Diagrams help clarify procedures and setup Mostly neat with correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar MASTERY: Procedures are written so clearly that someone else could easily replicate the experiment Remember to use TRANSITION WORDS such as First, Then, Next, Finally, etc.

REVIEW THE SMALLER STEPS FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: REVIEW FROM FRIDAY – What did your group decide about: What angle are you going to use? What length are you going to use? What mass are you going to use? (2 oz bob or # of washers) By what amount are you going to change your Independent Variable? What exactly will you measure? (dependent variable) REVIEW THE SMALLER STEPS FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Put together your pendulum 2. Measure the angle 3. Time for 30 sec and count swings 4. Record data 5. Repeat 6. Change your IV and repeat again

DV IV Pendulum Lab: IV versus DV Period (time per swing) Frequency (swings per minute) Pendulum Lab: IV versus DV Title: IV String length Mass Angle

Helpful Reminders 1 swing = back & forth !!! Repeat 3 times, then change your IV (i.e. shorten your string, add a washer, or change the angle) Don’t forget to multiply by 2 (to get swings per minute) The PERIOD (if that is your DV) = Time / # swings Example: 30 swings in a minute = 60 sec / 30 swings = 2 sec / swing

DV Hints: IV Period (time per swing) Frequency (swings per minute) Make your scale big enough so that the graph spreads across the whole grid Graph your AVERAGES Draw a LINE OF BEST FIT IV String length Mass Angle

Galileo’s Pendulum Experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpzaCCbX-z4 Galileo’s Pendulum Experiment

UNUSED SLIDES – Add back with more time! (also slides to use if doing a Final Draft)

#5: Pendulum Background Notes (6 min – be ready to share answers) Read background information. Write KEY WORDS and PHRASES to answer: 1. What is a pendulum? 2. Give some examples of pendulums in everyday life. 3. How was a pendulum used to figure out that the earth turns? Who discovered this and when? 4. What are 2 ways to measure the swings of a pendulum?

Identify the Independent variable Identify the Dependent variable SpongeBob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. His friend Sandy told him that he should try using Clean-O detergent, a new brand of laundry soap she found at Sail-Mart. SpongeBob made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with the Clean-O detergent. After washing both pairs of pants a total of three times, the pants washed in the Clean-O detergent did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in plain water. Identify the Independent variable Identify the Dependent variable What should Sponge Bob’s conclusion be?

Reminders This will count for your Science Work Sample for 8th grade – it should be your FINEST QUALITY work all year!!! Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar are important Don’t forget to include diagrams! If you finish early – exchange papers with someone and use “Student feedback” rubric to evaluate their paper/get comments on yours

Final Drafts Staple together all of your ROUGH DRAFT papers in this order: INTRODUCTION PROCEDURES DATA (graph and table – in final draft only) CONCLUSION Re-write each section – include anything that was missing or needs to be changed You can type your papers at home if you want to BUT… you will still need to do work in class the next few days