Why can damage to the medulla oblongata cause death? a. It contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers. b. It controls the ANS. c. It contains tracts that process information to and from the cerebellum. d. It contains the headquarters for the reticular activating system. Answer: a

b. conscious perception of touch and erratic muscle contractions What symptoms would you expect to observe in an individual who has damage to the basal nuclei? a. mental slowness and inability to perceive meaning from written symbols b. conscious perception of touch and erratic muscle contractions c. epileptic seizures d. difficulty starting voluntary movements and decreased muscle tone Answer: d

a. hugely expanded skulls in infants b. brain stem stroke What are potential consequences of blockage of an interventricular foramen? a. hugely expanded skulls in infants b. brain stem stroke c. damage to and distortion of brain in adults d. both A and C Answer: d

a. olfactory and gustatory b. olfactory and auditory Conscious perception of which senses would be affected by damage to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum? a. olfactory and gustatory b. olfactory and auditory c. visual and auditory d. auditory and gustatory Answer: b

a. parieto-occipital sulcus; control over involuntary movements A patient suffers a head injury that damages her primary motor cortex. Where is the primary motor cortex? What functions will be lost due to the injury? a. parieto-occipital sulcus; control over involuntary movements b. postcentral gyrus; voluntary movements controlled by the specific regions damaged c. precentral gyrus; voluntary movements controlled by the specific regions damaged d. insula; ability to categorize items Answer: c

What brain regions make up the brain stem? a. hypothalamus, thalamus, and pons b. diencephalon and mesencephalon c. mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata d. pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata Answer: c

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla oblongata? a. VII, IX, and X b. III, IV, and VI c. V, VI, VII, and VIII d. IX, X, XI, and XII Answer: d

a. Blood pressure increases in brain capillaries. Many water-soluble molecules that are relatively abundant in the blood occur in small amounts or not at all in the extracellular fluid in the brain. Why? a. Blood pressure increases in brain capillaries. b. Blood–brain barrier restricts ion movement. c. Neurons take up most ions. d. Neuroglia remove ions from CSF. Answer: b

What is the primary function of the cerebellum? a. controls reflexive movements of the eyes in response to visual stimuli b. provides awareness of emotional states c. coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions d. coordinates rapid, automatic adjustments that maintain balance and equilibrium Answer: d

Which of the following is NOT a function of the limbic system? a. establishing emotional states b. linking the conscious, intellectual function of the cerebral cortex with unconscious autonomic functions of the brain stem c. facilitating memory storage and retrieval d. directing somatic motor patterns associated with rage, pleasure, and pain Answer: d

a. They are in deep sleep or have a brain disorder. A patient who is hooked up to an EEG shows primarily beta waves. What are they doing? a. They are in deep sleep or have a brain disorder. b. They are in the early stages of sleep. c. They are concentrating on a specific task. d. They are extremely frustrated. Answer: c

Which primary brain vesicle is destined to form the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata? a. prosencephalon b. rhombencephalon c. myelencephalon d. metencephalon Answer: b