Watersheds as Integrators of Climate: The Hydrogeomorphic Template as

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Presentation transcript:

Watersheds as Integrators of Climate: The Hydrogeomorphic Template as Fundamental Construct?

hydroclimatology & flow regimes watersheds as integrators 6 degrees of connection hydroclimatology & flow regimes rainfall, snowmelt, rain-on-snow, mixed runoff implications for flow regime hydrogeomorphology interactions among flow, sediment & substrate

Watersheds as integrators proximal: 6 degrees of connection

upstream- downstream migratory fish drift of larval insects nutrient flow water discharge sediment movement plant propagules contaminants Grand Canyon

atmosphere- channel atmospheric deposition PAHs, VOCs, N, Hg wind-blown sediment insects atmosphere- channel

hillslope- channel hillslope sediment wood nutrients, contaminants Nepal hillslope- channel

floodplain-channel organic matter contaminants sediment water Amazon River organic matter contaminants sediment water fish, amphibians, reptiles floodplain-channel

hyporheic-channel groundwater-channel larval aquatic insects contaminants sediment water nutrients & minerals water dissolved contaminants nutrients & minerals hyporheic-channel groundwater-channel

Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

precipitation temperature Climate precipitation temperature bedrock weathering sediment infiltration/runoff vegetation solutes (nutrients) The big picture Geology energy (tectonic) topography (gradient) substrate resistance

Hydroclimatology & flow regimes rainfall – convective, cyclonic, (orographic) magnitude, duration, intensity, spatial extent, recurrence snowmelt depth, water content, rate of melt mixed runoff sources mixed populations for statistical analysis (non-stationarity)

Runoff + Basin Characteristics = Flow Regime drainage area shape of drainage basin relief ratio drainage density valley geometry

Characterizing the Flow Regime intra-annual variability peak flow/base flow flashiness magnitude, volume, duration, frequency of peaks rate of rise & recession inter-annual variability + basin characteristics = geomorphically & ecologically relevant characteristics Overall flow variability, extent of intermittency, predictability of flow (Poff & Ward, 1989; Poff & Allan, 1995; Poff, 1996)

Geomorphically & Ecologically Relevant Characteristics Water & sediment connectivity (extent, duration, magnitude) (e.g., flood pulse – productivity, dispersal, habitat, predation) Hydraulic force/substrate resistance bedrock erosion threshold Unit stream power (W/m2) alluvial erosion threshold Riverine vs hydrologic connectivity Time Habitat abundance, diversity, stability

Hydrogeomorphic template reflects interactions among flow, sediment & substrate flow sediment substrate habitat channel process (abundance, diversity, stability/disturbance) & form dispersal food

The Natural Flow Regime beyond minimum flow magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, rate of change flow as physical driver (NFR organizes & defines river ecosystems) What next? IHA (quantify flow regime changes) (monthly average magnitude; magnitude, duration & timing of annual extreme conditions; frequency & duration of high & low pulses; rate & frequency of change in flow) response curves (quantify physical & ecological responses to flow)