Nuclear Equations
Homework – GCSE Question on Ernest Rutherford's experiment hand in today.
Engager Self mark your homework in red pen amend if needed
To understand nuclear equations and to calculate them Progress To calculate half-life of different radioactive isotopes. To construct nuclear equations. To justify the type of emitted radioactive isotope.
To demonstrate good progress in this lesson Name Will… Tom B To calculate half-life of different radioactive isotopes Jessica A To construct nuclear equations. Szymon T To justify the type of emitted radioactive isotope. The Honley Learning Mindset Advocate for this lesson is… Matthew – will show resilience by not giving up if he finds something difficult.
Recap Types of Radioactivity Press the buttons to show the three types of radioactivity...
Connector Alpha Radiation ()
He Alpha Radiation () What is an Alpha particle? Alpha radiation is formed when an unstable nucleus decays, emitting an alpha particle. What is an Alpha particle? REMEMBER Alpha particles have an atomic mass of 4 and a relative charge of +2. Alpha particles are made from 2 Proton and 2 Neutrons This can be written in either of two ways: 4 2 He 4 2 or
Example of Alpha Radiation () + He 4 2 Rn 222 86 Ra 226 88 Radium - unstable metal Radon - more stable gas Alpha particle When a radioactive atom emits an alpha particle, its mass number decreases by four and its atomic number decreases by two. You Must know this
He Ra Th He Rn Ra + + Alpha Radiation () Grab a white board and complete these two examples Thorium becomes radium: + He 4 2 Ra 224 88 Th 228 90 Radium becomes radon... + He 4 2 Rn 220 86 Ra 224 88
Example of Beta Radiation ()
e -1 -1 Beta Radiation () What is Beta Radiation? Beta radiation is a high energy electrons it has a negative charge and the mass is negligible Beta particles are made when a neutron changes into a proton and an electron. The proton stays in the nucleus and the electron is emitted as a beta particle. YOU MUST KNOW THIS This can be written in either of the two forms below: -1 e -1
e N C e F O e He H + + + Beta Radiation () When a radioactive atom emits a beta particle, its mass number remains unchanged and its atomic number increases by one (as a neutron changes into a proton). Example: Carbon-14 becomes nitrogen-14. + e -1 N 14 7 C 6 Complete these two examples Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 + e -1 F 18 9 O 8 Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 + e -1 He 3 2 H 1 Example 2 Example 2 Example 2 Example 2
Gamma Rays ()
Gamma Rays () Gamma rays are one of the seven types of electromagnetic wave which form the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays have the highest frequency and shortest wavelength of all the seven types of electromagnetic wave. Wavelength
Gamma Rays () As gamma rays are electromagnetic waves, they have zero mass and zero charge. A gamma ray is written as: When a gamma ray is emitted from an atom, it has no effect on either the atomic mass or atomic number. It does however increase the stability of the nucleus, as it reduces its energy level. + Pa 234 91
Worksheet on Nuclear equations
Securing activity – complete the GCSE Question
Self Marking