Industrial Revolution Invention Bellwork Which of the inventions that you researched do you think was the most important for the Industrial Revolution? Why? Answers vary, Opinion

Objective WWBAT: Introduce major causes and impacts of the American Revolution

Interactive Notebook Setup 3/28/2016 American Revolution This will be one page

Background Creating the Republic The War

First, the Seven Years’ War In Europe, the war was known as the Seven Years’ War In North America, it was known as the French and Indian War The Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763 The French ceded territory to Britain in North America and elsewhere In addition, the British also secured Canada And the thirteen colonies seemed safe from any threat posed from the French and their native American allies

Lead up to the Revolution After the war, the British wanted the American colonies to contribute more to the cost of their own defense And some successful American merchants in the colonies wanted to break free of controls imposed by the British Of course, there were also radical politicians and propagandists who wanted a complete break with Britain when many of their countrymen still hoped that it might be avoided

Lead up to the Revolution There was a growing sense of patriotism and national identity There was increased resentment of Great Britain’s economic mastery over the colonies In particular,, many colonists especially in light of the fact that they lacked representation in the British Parliament, resented the taxes Britain levied to pay for the army it maintained in North America

Lead up to the Revolution Economic freedom from Britain would also allow American merchants to become wealthier, due to free trade and the new spirit of capitalism And don’t forget, the philosophers of the Enlightenment…their ideas encouraged the pursuit of liberty Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Baron Charles de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and others shaped the government that eventually developed after this war for independence

Engraving of The Boston Massacre by Paul Revere

Boston Tea Party

The War Though not there from the beginning, the support of France and Spain was ESSENTIAL These nations provided supplies, troops, and training for American army France in particular eventually would fund almost the entire war effort

Total Ships of the Line, Allies vs. Britain Seriously… Total Ships of the Line, Allies vs. Britain Year French Spanish Dutch American Total Allied British 1778 52 — 66 1779 63 58 121 90 1780 69 48 117 95 1781 70 54 13 137 94 1782 73 19 146

The War Success for the Colonists Despite British military might, colonists have advantages: Motivating cause of freedom French assistance War’s expense for Britain British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the war

Most importantly, the Americans needed an alliance of foreign support to obtain supplies, trained soldiers, and warships. After the American victory in the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, France was persuaded to join the Americans against the British. Once France joined the American side, Spain and the Netherlands followed.

The war was ended in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. In 1781, the French fleet blockaded Chesapeake Bay, creating a decisive victory for the Americans at Yorktown, Virginia. The war was ended in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America.

The Treaty of Paris by Benjamin West

Americans Create a Republic A Weak National Government Articles of Confederation set government plan for new republic Articles of Confederation create legislature only, no executive or judicial branches Result is weak national government that fails to provide unity and order

Americans Create a Republic A New Constitution Leaders call Constitutional Convention in 1787 to revise articles Group instead creates a new government under U.S. Constitution Constitution contains many political ideas of the Enlightenment

Washington Presides

Enlightenment Ideas and the Constitution

Americans Create a Republic The system that resulted was a democratic republic, in which a federal government shared powers with governments in each state To prevent a dictatorship, power at the federal level was shared among three branches: executive (president), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) State governments, as well as the president and members of Congress, were to be elected

Americans Create a Republic It should be noted, however, that “democracy” in this case – as in all cases before the twentieth century – was by no means all-inclusive Women and Native Americans could not vote Men who failed to fulfill certain property requirements could not vote Moreover, the U.S. Constitution did not outlaw slavery

Americans Create a Republic Not accompanied by any huge social transformation Accelerated the established democratic tendencies Political authority still in the hands of elites who had led the revolution Property requirements for voting = lowered

Americans Create a Republic Started political breakdown of Europe’s “New World” empires Inspired future revolutions and revolutionary leaders