Airway epithelial cells in asthma

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Airway epithelial cells in asthma David Préfontaine, MSc, Qutayba Hamid, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 120, Issue 6, Pages 1475-1478 (December 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041 Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Squamous cell metaplasia in an endobronchial biopsy section from a patient with severe asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in bronchial epithelium from a healthy individual (A) compared with a morphologically intact epithelium from an asthmatic patient (B). Note that epidermal growth factor receptor is localized throughout the epithelium in the asthmatic biopsy specimen, whereas it appears confined to the subluminal layers in normal tissue. Scale bars = 20 μm. Adapted with permission from Polosa et al.3 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Epithelial cell shedding and apoptosis in the bronchial mucosa of a patient with asthma compared with that of a healthy control subject. As opposed to the healthy patient (A), the bronchial epithelium from the patient with asthma (B) displays epithelial cell exfoliation (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] stain) and apoptosis: bright condensed nuclei observed with Hoechst staining and red nuclei seen with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay indicate cells undergoing apoptosis. Adapted with permission from Trautmann et al.4 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Immunofluorescence staining showing GATA-3 expression by primary normal bronchial epithelial cells incubated in the presence (A) of or absence (B) of recombinant IL-4. The insert represents typical staining with an isotype control antibody. The authors acknowledge A. K. Mogas for technical assistance.5 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Evidence of increased STAT-6 expression in the bronchial epithelium from a patient with severe asthma (A) compared with that from a healthy control subject (B). Immunoreactivity was particularly seen in the ciliated columnar cell layer of the epithelium, which appeared to be a major site of STAT-6 expression. Adapted with permission from Mullings et al.6 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Immunocytochemical analysis of MCP-4 (CCL13) expression in allergen-challenged upper airway mucosa. Patients with allergic rhinitis were intranasally challenged with ragweed extract before biopsy collection. Positive immunostaining was obtained by using the alkaline phosphatase–antialkaline phosphatase method. Adapted with permission from Christodoulopoulos et al.7 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Immunocytochemical analysis of TLR-4 expression in upper airway epithelial cells. Positive immunoreactivity (arrows) was obtained by using biotinylated LPS molecules, and staining was developed with diaminobenzidine (original magnification ×200). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 A, Detection of TSLP mRNA-positive cells in a bronchial biopsy specimen from an asthmatic patient, as assessed by means of single in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled TLSP antisense riboprobes. B, The increased number of TSLP mRNA-positive cells in the epithelium of asthmatic patients was expressed as the number of positive cells per millimeter of basement membrane. Adapted with permission from Ying et al.12 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 120, 1475-1478DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.041) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions