Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma

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Presentation transcript:

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Jean Bousquet, MD, PhD, Paul van Cauwenberge, MD, PhD, Nikolai Khaltaev, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 108, Issue 5, Pages S147-S334 (November 2001) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.118891 Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 : Prevalence of “hay fever” in 13-14 year-old children in ISAAC centres. Data from Strachan et al (12). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 : The nasal mucosa. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 : Nasal vasculature. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 : The role of mast cells in rhinitis. EOS , Eosinophils; MP , macrophages; Ly, lymphocytes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 : The role of eosinophils in rhinitis. ECP , Eosinophil cationic protein; MBP, major basic protein. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 : The role of Th2 lymphocytes in rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 : Production of leukotrienes. PLA2, Phospholipase A2; 5-LO , 5 lipoxygenase; FLAP , 5LO activating protein. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 : Cell origin of leukotrienes. RBC , Erythrocytes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 : The nasal inflammatory response. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 : Recruitment of cells in the nasal mucosa. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 : The IgE immune response. TCR , T-cell receptor; MHC , major histocompatibility complex. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 12 : Symptoms induced by allergen challenge (early and late-phase reaction) and of intermittent and persistent rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 14 : Activation of epithelial cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 15 : Inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 16 : Similarities and differences between asthma and rhinitis. In rhinitis, there are numerous blood vessels explaining nasal obstruction. In asthma, there is smooth muscle explaining bronchial obstruction. Eos , Eosinophils; Neut , neutrophils; MC , mast cells; Ly , lymphocytes; MP , macrophages. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 17 : Diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 108, S147-S334DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.118891) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions